中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 2780-2788.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0758

• 论著·中国全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

重庆市基层全科医师儿童支气管哮喘防治服务评价研究

杨巧1,2, 刘玉琳1, 王崇杰1, 刘恩梅1, 符州1, 陈菲2,*()   

  1. 1.400014 重庆市,重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 儿科学重庆市重点实验室
    2.401331 重庆市,重庆医科大学公共卫生学院 医学与社会发展研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11 修回日期:2024-02-19 出版日期:2024-08-05 发布日期:2024-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈菲

  • 作者贡献:

    杨巧负责研究选题、数据收集与整理、论文撰写;刘玉琳负责研究的实施与可行性分析;王崇杰负责论文写作指导和专科知识指导;刘恩梅、符州负责课题协调;陈菲负责论文的修订、质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    儿童疾病分级诊疗试点实践效果评价性研究项目; 重庆市卫生适宜技术推广项目(2015jstg004,2017jstg033,2018jstg039,2019jstg026,2020jstg010)

Evaluation Study of Childhood Bronchial Asthma Prevention and Treatment Services by Primary Care General Practitioners in Chongqing

YANG Qiao1,2, LIU Yulin1, WANG Chongjie1, LIU Enmei1, FU Zhou1, CHEN Fei2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
    2. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development/School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Received:2023-12-11 Revised:2024-02-19 Published:2024-08-05 Online:2024-05-28
  • Contact: CHEN Fei

摘要: 背景 支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)是儿童期最为常见的慢性气道疾病,其因病程长、反复发作,从而严重影响儿童的生长发育和生活质量。全科医师作为基层医疗健康服务的主要提供者,在儿童哮喘早期筛查和分级管理过程中发挥着重要作用,了解全科医生对该病的防治服务水平,可为基层儿童哮喘防治服务质量提升提供建议。 目的 调查基层全科医师对儿童哮喘的防治服务水平及其影响因素。 方法 2022年4—7月,从重庆市38个区(县)中随机抽取22个区(县),并对样本区(县)的基层全科医师进行问卷调查。调查问卷由课题组查阅相关指南及文献自行设计,并经过两轮专家函询和预调查形成,包括知识、态度、行为和自评4个维度。调查基层全科医师对儿童哮喘防治的认知、态度、行为及自评情况并分析其影响因素。 结果 共有234名基层全科医师参与问卷调查。全科医师对儿童哮喘防治的知识得分为(6.03±2.04)分,合格率为44.9%;态度得分为(49.42±4.94)分,合格率为100.0%;行为得分为(30.55±6.66)分,合格率为87.2%;自评得分为(21.57±5.30)分,合格率为85.0%。在转诊指征的选择上,有98.7%(231/234)的全科医师认为中度以上急性哮喘发作,经过紧急处理后仍无明显缓解的患儿需要转诊,有94.0%(220/234)的全科医师认为规范化治疗哮喘后仍得不到有效控制的患儿需要转诊。在遇到症状控制不佳的患儿就诊时,33.8%(79/234)的全科医师会仔细分析控制不佳的原因,17.5%(41/234)的全科医师会告诫其谨遵医嘱、暂时观察并约好下次复查时间。33.8%(79/234)的全科医师对在基层进行儿童哮喘诊疗活动持有不确定或者反对的态度,影响因素主要为医护人员缺乏疾病相关知识储备和学习机会、家长不愿来基层就诊、儿科医患关系较成人紧张、该病种患儿较少、相关设施设备缺乏。多元线性回归分析显示:职称和儿童哮喘知识培训经历是知识得分的影响因素(P<0.05);学历和基层工作年限是态度得分的影响因素(P<0.05);儿科工作经验和儿童哮喘知识培训经历是行为和自评得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 重庆市基层全科医师对哮喘患儿的防治有一定信心,但防治理论知识水平欠佳;态度较积极,行为积极性也尚可,但两者之间存在一定差距。提示在做好基层儿科设施设备优化配置和提高居民信任度的同时,知识与实践培训仍是提升全科医师知识储备、防治自信和自身能力方面的重要因素,应加强全科医师的学历教育和继续教育培训,有效激励全科医师学习和自我提升的能力。

关键词: 哮喘, 基层, 全科医生, 分级诊疗, 儿童

Abstract:

Background

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is the most common chronic respiratory disease in childhood, with long disease course and repeated attacks, which affecting the development and life quality of children. As the main providers of primary healthcare, general practitioners play important role in the early diagnosis and grading management of childhood asthma. Understanding their level of prevention and treatment services for this disease can provide suggestions for improving the quality of primary care childhood asthma prevention and treatment services.

Objective

To investigate the service level of primary general practitioners in the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma, and the influencing factors on the service level.

Methods

From April to July 2022, 22 districts (counties) were randomly selected from the 38 districts (counties) in Chongqing Municipality, and conducted a questionnaire survey on primary general practitioners in the sampling. The questionnaire was designed by the research team based on relevant guidelines and literatures, and formed through two rounds of expert consultation and pre-investigation, including four dimensions of knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-evaluation. We investigated the knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-evaluation of primary general practitioners regarding the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma and analyzed the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 234 general practitioners participated in the questionnaire survey. The knowledge score of general practitioners on the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma was (6.03±2.04) , with a pass rate of 44.9%; the attitude score was (49.42±4.94) , with a pass rate of 100.0%; the behavior score was (30.55±6.66) , with a pass rate of 87.2%; and the self-evaluation score was (21.57±5.30) , with a pass rate of 85.0%. Regarding the selection of referral indications, 98.7% (231/234) of the general practitioners believed that children with moderate or severe acute asthma attack that was not significantly relieved after emergency treatment needed to be referred, and 94.0% (220/234) of the general practitioners believed that children with asthma that could not be controlled effectively after standardized treatment needed to be referred. For children with poorly controlled symptoms, 33.8% (79/234) of the general practitioners would carefully analyze the cause of poor control, and 17.5% (41/234) of the general practitioners would advise patients to follow the doctor's advice, temporarily observe the condition and make an appointment for next reexamination. 33.8% (79/234) of the general practitioners held an uncertain or opposed attitude towards the diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma in primary medical institutions. The main influencing factors of this attitude was the lack of disease-related knowledge and learning opportunities for general practitioners, reluctance of parents to visit primary medical institutions, strained pediatric doctor-patient relationship, the small number of children suffering from asthma, and the lack of related facilities and equipment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that professional title and training experience on childhood asthma were the influencing factors of knowledge score (P<0.05) ; academic qualification and years of service in primary medical institutions were the influencing factors of attitude score (P<0.05) ; and pediatric work experience and training experience on childhood asthma were the influencing factors of behavior and self-evaluation scores (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The general practitioners in Chongqing have some confidence in the management of children with asthma, but their knowledge of asthma prevention and treatment is poor. Their attitude and behavior were both positive, but there is a gap between the two. It is suggested that while optimizing the allocation of pediatric facilities and equipment in primary medical institutions and improving the trust of patients, knowledge and practical training is important to improve the knowledge, confidence and abilities of general practitioners. Academic education and continuing education training of general practitioners should be strengthened to effectively improve their learning and self-improvement ability.

Key words: Asthma, Primary care, General practitioners, Herarchical diagnosis and treatment, Children