中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (18): 2198-2204.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0658

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

尿毒症腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的临床特征及影响因素研究

李静, 马雷雷, 王冠然, 姜晨, 邢海涛, 杨洪涛*()   

  1. 300381 天津市,天津中医药大学第一附属医院肾病科 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 修回日期:2023-12-08 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 杨洪涛

  • 作者贡献:

    李静负责资料的收集和整理,进行统计学分析并绘制图表,负责论文的构思和撰写;马雷雷参与论文的构思及设计;王冠然负责辅助定期复查核对及录入资料;姜晨、邢海涛负责质量控制;杨洪涛负责论文的修订及审校,对论文整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973799,82004316)

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Associated with Peritoneal Dialysis in Uremia

LI Jing, MA Leilei, WANG Guanran, JIANG Chen, XING Haitao, YANG Hongtao*()   

  1. Department of Nephropathy, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Revised:2023-12-08 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-03-22
  • Contact: YANG Hongtao

摘要: 背景 胃肠功能紊乱是腹膜透析患者常见的并发症,严重影响患者食欲和情绪,致使患者营养不良、脱水、电解质紊乱或诱发全身炎症反应等,还会导致腹膜透析效能下降,增加医疗难度,降低患者的生活水平。 目的 观察尿毒症患者腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的临床特征并分析其影响因素,为防治腹膜透析相关胃肠道功能紊乱的临床诊治提供参考。 方法 本研究为回顾性研究,选取2019-09-01—2021-09-01在天津中医药大学第一附属医院肾病科进行维持性腹膜透析的304例尿毒症患者为研究对象。根据是否合并胃肠功能紊乱将患者分为胃肠功能紊乱组和无胃肠功能紊乱组。收集两组患者的一般资料、合并症、实验室检查指标、透析充分性相关指标等并进行比较。运用SPSS 23.0软件对临床资料进行统计,总结分析腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的临床特征,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨尿毒症患者发生腹膜透析相关胃肠道功能紊乱的影响因素。 结果 304例尿毒症腹膜透析患者中合并胃肠道功能紊乱189例(62.2%),胃肠功能紊乱组患者中位年龄为62(52,67)岁。两组患者年龄、糖尿病肾病原发病比例、合并高血压比例、合并冠心病比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者血钙、胆固醇、肌酸激酶、C反应蛋白、总胆红素、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、降钙素原、三酰甘油水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者血尿素氮、残肾尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、腹膜Kt/V、总肌酐清除率(Ccr)、残肾Ccr、总Ccr标准化比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病肾病原发病(OR=7.471,95%CI=1.161~48.061,P=0.034)、糖化血红蛋白升高(OR=1.367,95%CI=1.080~1.731,P=0.009)是尿毒症患者发生腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的独立危险因素,残肾Ccr升高(OR=0.952,95%CI=0.908~0.997,P=0.038)是尿毒症患者发生腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的独立保护因素。 结论 尿毒症患者腹膜透析相关胃肠道功能紊乱发生率较高,多发于老年患者;糖尿病肾病原发病、糖化血红蛋白升高可能是尿毒症患者发生腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的独立危险因素,残肾Ccr升高可能是尿毒症患者发生腹膜透析相关胃肠功能紊乱的独立保护因素。

关键词: 尿毒症, 腹膜透析, 胃肠道功能紊乱, 临床特征, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a very common complication in peritoneal dialysis patients, which not only seriously affects the appetite and mood of patients, but also induces malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, or systemic inflammatory reactions, and even leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis, thus increasing the difficulty of medical treatment and lowering the patients' standard of living.

Objective

To analyse the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction, and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to select 304 uremic patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2019-09-01 to 2021-09-01. The patients were divided into the gastrointestinal dysfunction group and non-gastrointestinal dysfunction according to the combination of gastrointestinal dysfunction. General data, comorbidities, laboratory test indexes, and dialysis adequacy-related indexes of the two groups of patients were collected and compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used to statistically analyze the clinical data, the clinical characteristics of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with uremia.

Results

A total of 304 peritoneal dialysis patients were included, of which 189 (62.2%) were in the gastrointestinal dysfunction group, with the median age of 62 (52, 67) years. The differences in age, proportions of primary diabetic nephropathy and combined hypertension and coronary artery disease between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) ; the levels of blood calcium, cholesterol, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, total bilirubin, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, procalcitonin, and triglyceride were compared between the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) ; standardized comparison of the levels of blood urea nitrogen, residual renal urea clearance index (Kt/V), peritoneal Kt/V, total creatinine clearance (Ccr), residual kidney Ccr, and total Ccr between the two groups showed statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary diabetic nephropathy (OR=7.471, 95%CI=1.161-48.061, P=0.034), elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.367, 95%CI=1.080-1.731, P=0.009) were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal function in uremic patients, and elevated residual kidney Ccr (OR=0.952, 95%CI=0.908-0.997, P=0.038) was an independent protective factor for the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal disorders in uremic patients.

Conclusion

The incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related gastrointestinal dysfunction was relatively high, with a clinical prevalence in the elderly. Diabetic nephropathy and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin may be independent risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with uremia. Elevated residual kidney Ccr may be an independent protective factor for peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in uremic patients.

Key words: Uremia, Peritoneal dialysis, Gastrointestinal dysfunction, Clinical characteristics, Root cause analysis