中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (04): 408-426.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0551

• 论著·中国全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005—2021年我国卫生人力资源发展趋势及公平性分析

闫温馨, 张石默, 刘珏*()   

  1. 100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-08 修回日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2024-02-05 发布日期:2023-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘珏

  • 作者贡献:刘珏负责文章的构思与设计、研究的实施和可行性分析、论文撰写,并对文章整体负责;闫温馨负责数据整理、统计学处理、论文撰写,并对结果进行分析与解释;张石默负责数据整理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(72122001)

Development Trend and Equity Analysis of Human Resources for Health in China, 2005-2021

YAN Wenxin, ZHANG Shimo, LIU Jue*()   

  1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2023-09-08 Revised:2023-09-27 Published:2024-02-05 Online:2023-11-09
  • Contact: LIU Jue

摘要: 背景 "健康中国2030"战略对卫生人力资源配置提出了更高需求,国内开展了较多地区卫生人力资源公平性的评价研究,但尚无从全国视角对我国多种医疗机构、多类别卫生人力资源进行的概述。目的 对2005—2021年全国31省(自治区、直辖市)12类医疗卫生机构、5类卫生人力资源进行趋势描述和公平性分析,为未来各卫生机构人力资源配置优化提供参考。方法 全国卫生人力资源数据来自《中国卫生统计年鉴(2006—2012)》《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴(2013—2017)》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴(2018—2022)》,人口数据和经济数据来自《中国统计年鉴(2006—2022)》。计算2005—2021年各省(自治区、直辖市)各类医疗卫生机构、各类卫生人力资源的人均占有量,计算年均增长率和集中指数(CI)以描述发展趋势,并根据经济发展水平进行公平性分析。结果 2005—2021年,我国卫生人员总量持续上升,年均增长率为5.58%,农村地区增长较快,年均增长率达10.87%。在各类医疗卫生机构中,社区卫生服务中心(站)的卫生人员数增速最快(年均增长率达18.05%),卫生监督所(中心)的人员数增速较低(年均增长率为0.18%),疾病预防控制中心的卫生人员数总体呈下降趋势(年均增长率为-0.39%)。除社区卫生服务中心(站)外,各类医疗机构卫生人员总数的CI<0.20。结论 我国各类医疗卫生机构人力资源人均占有量在农村地区增长较快,地区间人均资源分配的公平性尚佳,但总量不足,重要机构和人员类别需要注意。要继续加强农村卫生人力资源的投入,国家和各省(自治区、直辖市)要稳定公共卫生队伍,健全基层医疗卫生服务发展,提高公平性与可及性。

关键词: 卫生人力, 资源配置, 卫生保健公平提供, 集中指数, 基层医疗卫生机构

Abstract:

Background

The "Healthy China 2030" strategy has put forward higher demands for the allocation of health human resources, and more regional studies on the evaluation of the equity of health human resources have been conducted in China, but there is no overview of multiple categories of health human resources in various medical institutions from a national perspective.

Objective

To describe the trend and equity of 12 categories of health care institutions and 5 categories of health human resources in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) nationwide from 2005-2021, so as to provide reference for the optimization of human resource allocation in various health institutions in the future.

Methods

National data on health human resources was collected from China Public Health Statistical Yearbook (2006-2012), China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook (2013-2017) and China's Hygiene and Health Statistical Yearbook (2018-2022), demographic and economic data was collected from China Statistical Yearbook (2006-2022). The average annual growth rate and concentration index were calculated by collecting the per capita occupancy of each health human resource in medical and health institutions in each province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) of China from 2005 to 2021, and the equity analysis was conducted based on the level of economic development.

Results

The total number of health personnel in China continued to rise, with an average annual growth rate of 5.58%, with faster growth in rural areas at an average annual growth rate of 10.87%; the number of health personnel in community health service centers (stations) had the fastest growth rate (average annual growth rate of 18.05%), the number of personnel in health supervision offices grew at a lower rate (average annual growth rate of 0.18%), and the number of personnel in disease prevention and control centers showed a decreasing trend (average annual growth rate of -0.39%). Except for community health service centers (stations), the concentration index of the total number of health personnel in all types of medical institutions was <0.20.

Conclusion

The per capita occupancy of each health human resource in medical and health institutions is growing faster in rural areas, the equity of human resources across health institutions in China is good, but the total amount is insufficient, and important institutions and personnel categories need attention. Investment in human resources for rural health should continue to be strengthened, and the state and provinces should stabilize the public health workforce, improve the development of primary health service institutions, and expand equity and accessibility.

Key words: Health workforce, Resource allocation, Health care rationing, Concentration index, Grassroots medical and health institutions