中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (30): 3775-3782.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0319

所属专题: 全民健康最新文章合集

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于路径分析模型的新型毒品成瘾者心理健康状况影响因素研究

刘菁菁, 王丽楠, 周雪莹, 朱昕然, 庄淑梅*()   

  1. 300070 天津市,天津医科大学护理学院
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-10 修回日期:2022-05-30 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 庄淑梅
  • 刘菁菁,王丽楠,周雪莹,等.基于路径分析模型的新型毒品成瘾者心理健康状况影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(30):3775-3782.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:刘菁菁、庄淑梅负责文章的构思与设计、论文的撰写和修改;王丽楠、周雪莹、朱昕然负责资料收集和数据分析、图表的绘制;庄淑梅负责文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责、监督管理。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA840023)

Factors Associated with Mental Health Status in People Addicted to New Synthetic Drugs: a Path Analysis

Jingjing LIU, Linan WANG, Xueying ZHOU, Xinran ZHU, Shumei ZHUANG*()   

  1. School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
  • Received:2022-03-10 Revised:2022-05-30 Published:2022-10-20 Online:2022-06-17
  • Contact: Shumei ZHUANG
  • About author:
    LIU J J, WANG L N, ZHOU X Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health status in people addicted to new synthetic drugs: a path analysis[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (30) : 3775-3782.

摘要: 背景 目前新型毒品滥用形势严峻,新型毒品已成为我国最主要的滥用毒品种类,其成瘾性强、戒断难度大,成瘾后个体易出现严重的心理依赖性和心理问题,导致成瘾者戒断治疗后容易复吸,因此探讨新型毒品成瘾者心理健康状况的影响因素对新型毒品成瘾者的防治和管理有一定的临床价值和社会意义。 目的 探讨新型毒品成瘾者心理健康状况的影响因素及各因素间的相关性。 方法 选取2018年1月至2019年4月于天津市公安局安康医院接受住院戒毒治疗的196例新型毒品成瘾者为研究对象,收集研究对象的社会人口学资料和吸毒临床资料。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)调查新型毒品成瘾者的心理健康状况,并采用Spearman秩相关对各影响因素进行相关性分析。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析,采用AMOS 22.0构建模型对数据进行路径分析。 结果 新型毒品成瘾者SCL-90总分为(206.62±26.66)分,其总分及各维度得分均高于国内常模(P<0.001);Spearman秩相关分析显示,SCL-90总分与年龄(rs=-0.285,P<0.001)、积极应对(rs=-0.749,P<0.001)呈负相关,与经济收入(rs=0.210,P=0.003)、每日吸毒量(rs=0.375,P<0.001)、消极应对(rs=0.754,P<0.001)、人格特征各维度〔精神质P(rs=0.915)、内外向E(rs=0.748)、神经质N(rs=0.549)、掩饰性L(rs=0.979),P<0.001)〕呈正相关;路径分析结果显示,人格特征和应对方式可以直接或者间接影响新型毒品成瘾者的心理健康状况,且应对方式在人格特征与新型毒品成瘾者心理健康状况中起部分中介作用。 结论 新型毒品成瘾者心理健康水平较低,人格特征和应对方式是其主要影响因素。医护人员应该在了解新型毒品成瘾者人格特征的基础上,有针对性地帮助其形成积极的应对方式并且减少消极的应对方式,以改善其心理健康状况。

关键词: 行为,成瘾, 吸毒者, 新型毒品, 心理健康, 路径分析, 人格特征, 应对方式

Abstract:

Background

The prevalence of synthetic drug abuse is high. In China, synthetic drugs have become the most commonly abused drugs characterized by strong addiction and great difficulty in quitting. The addicts are easily prone to serious psychological dependence and other psychological problems, which leading to relapse after withdrawal treatment. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of mental health status in individuals addicted to new synthetic drugs has clinical and social significance for the prevention and management of synthetic drug addicts.

Objective

To explore the associated factors of mental health status and their intercorrelations in individuals addicted to new synthetic drugs.

Methods

One hundred and ninety-six people getting addicted to new synthetic drugs with inpatient withdrawal treatment were selected from Ankang Hospital of Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau from January 2018 to April 2019. Sociodemographic data and drug abuse-related clinical data were collected. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) , Eysenck Personality Questionaire-Revised, Short Scale For Chinese (EPQ-RSC) , and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to investigate the mental health. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the inercorrelations of the influencing factors of mental health. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and AMOS 22.0 was used to build a model for path analysis of data.

Results

The average total score of SCL-90 rated by the participants was (206.62±26.66) , which was higher than that rated by Chinese norm (P<0.001) . Moreover, the average score of each domain rated by the participants was also higher that rated by Chinese norm (P<0.001) . Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the total score of SCL-90 was negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.285, P<0.001) , and positive coping (rs=-0.749, P<0.001) , but was positively correlated with economic income (rs=0.210, P=0.003) , daily dose of a new synthetic drug (rs=0.375, P<0.001) , negative coping (rs=0.754, P<0.001) , and dimensions of personality traits 〔psychoticism (rs=0.915) 、introversion and extroversion (rs=0.748) 、neuroticism (rs=0.549) 、lying (rs=0.979) , P<0.001) 〕. Path analysis revealed that personality traits and coping styles could directly or indirectly affect the mental health status, and coping styles played a partial mediating role in the relationship of personality traits with mental health status.

Conclusion

The prevalence of normal mental health was low in people addicted to new synthetic drugs, which was mainly associated with personality traits and coping styles. In view of this, it is suggested to improve the mental health of these addicts by taking actions to develop positive coping styles and reduce negative coping styles according to their personality traits.

Key words: Behavior, addictive, Drug users, Synthetic drugs, Mental health, Path analysis, Personality trait, Coping style