中国全科医学 ›› 2021, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (19): 2459-2464.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.189

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于供方的医养结合养老服务现状与问题的质性研究

吕芯芮1,王子尧1,覃伟1,张巍2,陈小俊2,彭晶晶2,刘宝花 1*   

  1. 1.100191北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系 2.100026北京市朝阳区卫生信访服务中心
    *通信作者:刘宝花,副教授,硕士生导师;E-mail:baohualiu@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-07-05

Supplier's Perspective of the Status and Problems in Community-based Delivery of Integrated Medical and Nursing Care:a Qualitative Study 

LYU Xinrui1,WANG Ziyao1,QIN Wei1,ZHANG Wei2,CHEN Xiaojun2,PENG Jingjing2,LIU Baohua1*   

  1. 1.Department of Social Medicine and Health Education,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.Beijing Chaoyang District Health Letters and Visits Service Center,Beijing 100026,China
    *Corresponding author:LIU Baohua,Associate professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:baohualiu@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Published:2021-07-05 Online:2021-07-05

摘要: 背景 人口老龄化已成为我国面临的重大挑战之一,加之目前老年人口疾病负担加重,现代家庭养老能力弱化,养老机构供需不平衡,在目前的养老现状下,建立医养结合养老服务已成为大势所趋。目的 了解社区卫生服务中心医养结合养老服务的供应现状和开展过程中存在的问题,为更好地开展养老服务提供可行性意见。方法 2019年9—11月从朝阳区40家社区卫生服务中心各选择1名管理人员或从事医养结合养老服务工作的人员开展个人访谈,访谈内容包括访谈对象的基本信息、社区卫生服务中心人员及设备情况、访谈对象对医养结合养老服务的认知、社区卫生服务中心医养结合养老服务的开展情况及面临的问题4个部分,运用Colaizzi现象学资料七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果 本研究总共回收39份有效访谈内容,回收有效率达97.5%。共提炼出七大主题:护理人员数量不能满足需求;接受过老年医学培训的医护比例较低,各中心之间差异较大;社区卫生服务中心之间康复设施发展建设不平衡;管理人员医养结合养老服务认知不统一;医养结合项目中,养老服务开展比例偏低;医养结合养老服务存在多头管理的现象;人员数量、执业、政策、资金等方面的风险较为突出。结论 健全人才培养模式和激励措施、健全相关政策及法律法规、完善长期护理保险制度试点、引导多元资金注入、丰富医养结合养老服务项目,推进社区卫生服务中心开展更高质量的医养结合养老服务。

关键词: 社区卫生服务, 医养结合, 养老服务, 质性研究, 北京

Abstract: Background China is facing a great challenge brought by population aging. In addition to the current increasing disease burden of the elderly,the weakening of the elderly care capacity of modern families,and the imbalance of supply and demand in elderly care institutions,the provision of integrated medical and nursing care has become an inevitable option to satisfy the healthcare needs of older adults. Objective To investigate the status of integrated medical and nursing care delivered by community health centers(CHCs),and analyze the problems,providing feasible suggestions for better development of elderly care services. Methods Personal interviews were conducted between September and November,2019 with mangers or workers engaging in integrated medical and nursing care from 40 CHCs in Beijing's Chaoyang District regarding their demographics,perceptions of overall status of workers in the CHCs,awareness of integrated medical and nursing care,evaluation of integrated medical and nursing care delivered by the CHCs,and the problems in the delivery. The interview data were analyzed by Colaizzi's seven-step method. Results The response rate of the interviews was 97.5%. Seven themes were summarized:The number of nurses in the CHC was insufficient to meet the service needs. The rate of physicians and nurses with geriatric medicine training was low,and varied significantly among the CHCs. The construction of rehabilitation facilities was imbalanced among the CHCs. The perceptions of integrated medical and nursing care differed across the managers of CHCs. The proportion of elderly care services carried out was relatively low. There was a phenomenon of multiple management of integrated medical and nursing care. The relatively high risks for the delivery of integrated medical and nursing care were insufficient number of workers,policy support and fund as well as inappropriate practice. Conclusion To promote the delivery of community-based integrated medical and nursing care,it is suggested to improve the training models and incentives for talents in geriatric medicine,modify relevant policies,laws and regulations,improve the pilot implementation of insurance reimbursement system for long-term nursing,guide the input of multiple funds,and enrich service items of integrated medical and nursing care.

Key words: Community health services, Combination of medical and health care, Elderly service, Qualitative study, Beijing