中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (36): 4651-4655.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.441

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型快速流行性感冒病毒抗原检测方法免疫荧光法在流行性感冒筛查中的应用价值研究

李晓光,陈静,王伟,李璐,林菲,贾莹,张碧莹,胥婕*   

  1. 100191北京市,北京大学第三医院感染疾病科
    *通信作者:胥婕,主任医师;E-mail:xujie1998@126.com
  • 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2020-12-20

Application of a Novel Rapid Immunofluorescence Assay in Influenza Screening 

LI Xiaoguang,CHEN Jing,WANG Wei,LI Lu,LIN Fei,JIA Ying,ZHANG Biying,XU Jie*   

  1. Department of Infectious Diseases,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China
    *Corresponding author:XU Jie,Chief physician;E-mail:xujie1998@126.com
  • Published:2020-12-20 Online:2020-12-20

摘要: 背景 与核酸检测相比,传统快速流行性感冒(流感)病毒抗原检测方法灵敏度偏低,因此需要探索新的流感快速检测方法。目的 探讨免疫荧光法流感病毒抗原检测在流感筛查中的临床应用价值。方法 分别于2017年7—12月、2019年1—2月选取北京大学第三医院感染疾病科发热门诊收治的患者472例,采集其鼻咽拭子。采用免疫荧光法流感病毒抗原检测试剂盒读取仪器(简称Sofia)和传统快速流感抗原检测方法(免疫渗滤法和胶体金法)、流感病毒核酸检测实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)进行病原学检测。结果 472例患者采用RT-PCR方法共检出甲型/乙型流感292例(61.9%),其中甲型流感195例(41.3%),乙型流感94例(19.9%),另有3例同时检出甲型流感和乙型流感。472例患者采用免疫荧光法共检出甲型/乙型流感262例(55.5%),其中甲型流感169例(35.8%),乙型流感93例(19.7%)。以RT-PCR方法为金标准,免疫荧光法、免疫渗滤法、胶体金法检测甲型/乙型流感的灵敏度依次为89.0%、82.9%、84.6%,特异度依次为98.9%、97.2%、93.3%;免疫荧光法、免疫渗滤法、胶体金法检测甲型流感的灵敏度依次为85.4%、79.3%、79.3%,特异度依次为100.0%、99.3%、97.1%;免疫荧光法、免疫渗滤法、胶体金法检测乙型流感的灵敏度依次为93.8%、87.6%、89.7%,特异度依次为99.5%、99.2%、97.3%。以RT-PCR方法为金标准,免疫荧光法对甲型H1流感、甲型H3流感、乙型流感的检出阳性符合率分别为91.8%(56/61)、84.7%(111/131)、94.8%(91/96)。16~20岁、21~40岁、41~60岁、>60岁患者中,免疫荧光法对甲型/乙型流感检测的灵敏度依次为95.6%、90.2%、87.2%、78.4%,特异度依次为100.0%、98.2%、100.0%、100.0%。结论 与传统快速流感病毒抗原检测方法比较,免疫荧光法在甲型/乙型流感的检测中表现出更高的灵敏度,在流感筛查中有一定应用前景。

关键词: 流感, 人;正黏病毒科;荧光抗体技术;诊断试验;灵敏度;快速检测

Abstract: Background Compared with nucleic acid tests,traditional rapid detection methods of influenza are less sensitive.New rapid detection methods for influenza need to be explored.Objective To explore the clinical value of immunofluorescence assay in detecting influenza virus antigen.Methods Participants were 472 febrile outpatients selected from Department of Infectious Diseases,Peking University Third Hospital in two influenza seasons (from July to December 2017,and from January to February 2019).Their nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected for influenza virus antigen detection using fluorescent immunoassay(Sofia system),and two traditional rapid influenza virus antigen tests,immunofiltration assay and colloidal gold technique,as well as RT-PCR,a nucleic acid amplification test.Results By use of RT-PCR,292 (61.9%) of the 472 cases were found with influenza A/B virus antigens,including 195 (41.3%) with influenza A,94 (19.9%) with influenza B,and 3 with both influenza A and B.By use of immunofluorescence assay,262(55.5%) were found with influenza A/B virus antigens,including 169 (35.8%) with influenza A,and 93 (19.7%) with influenza B.With RT-PCR as the gold standard for influenza A/B detection,the sensitivity of immunofluorescence assay,immunofiltration assay,and colloidal gold technique,was 89.0%,82.9%,84.6%,respectively,and the specificity of them was 98.9%,97.2%,and 93.3%,respectively.For detecting influenza A alone,the sensitivity of immunofluorescence assay,immunofiltration assay,and colloidal gold technique was 85.4%,79.3%,79.3%,respectively,and the specificity of them was 100.0%,99.3%,and 97.1%,respectively.For detecting influenza B alone,the sensitivity of immunofluorescence assay,immunofiltration assay,and colloidal gold technique was 93.8%,87.6% and 89.7%,respectively,and the specificity of them was 99.5%,99.2%,and 97.3%,respectively.Compared with RT-PCR,diagnostic accuracy rates of immunofluorescence assay for influenza A/H1,influenza A/H3 and influenza B were 91.8%(56/61),84.7%(111/131),and 94.8%(91/96),respectively.In four age groups of 16-20,21-40,41-60,and over 60 years,the sensitivity of immunofluorescence assay for influenza A/B was 95.6%,90.2%,87.2% and 78.4%,respectively,and the specificity was 100.0%,98.2%,100.0%,and 100.0%,respectively.Conclusion Fluorescent immunoassay shows a higher sensitivity in the detection of influenza A/B compared with immunofiltration assay and colloidal gold technique,which is promising in influenza screening.

Key words: Influenza, human;Orthomyxoviridae;Fluorescent antibody technique;Diagnostic tests;Sensitivity;Rapid detection