中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 534-539.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.105

所属专题: 营养最新文章合集

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

产妇妊娠晚期营养素摄入情况及Ⅱ期泌乳启动延迟影响因素分析

丁佩佩1,2,赵梅1*,张凤英2,王璐璐2,姚静2,邱洁2,王雪雅3,刘玲4   

  1. 1.230601安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学护理学院 2.230022安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学第一附属医院产房 3.230036安徽省合肥市,安徽省立医院 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院南区产房 4.230012安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学第四附属医院产房
    *通信作者:赵梅,教授;E-mail:zhaomei@ahmu.edu.cn
  • 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81671471)

Nutrients Intake in the Third Trimester and Associated Factors of Delayed Onset of LactogenesisⅡ in Maternal Women 

DING Peipei1,2,ZHAO Mei1*,ZHANG Fengying2,WANG Lulu2,YAO Jing2,QIU Jie2,WANG Xueya3,LIU Ling4   

  1. 1.School of Nursing,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230601,China
    2.Delivery Room,First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,China
    3.Delivery Room,Anhui Provincial Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (South),Hefei 230036,China
    4.Delivery Room,Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230012,China
    *Corresponding author:ZHAO Mei,Professor;E-mail:zhaomei@ahmu.edu.cn
  • Published:2020-02-15 Online:2020-02-15

摘要: 背景 世界卫生组织提倡胎儿出生后6个月内坚持母乳喂养。但目前世界各国母乳喂养的现状并不乐观。Ⅱ期泌乳启动延迟(DOL)是影响母乳喂养的重要原因。乳汁分泌需要母体营养支持。母体妊娠期营养为其分娩后泌乳贮备能量和营养素。因此,妊娠期营养与DOL的关系受到越来越多的关注。目的 调查产妇妊娠晚期营养素摄入情况,分析DOL的影响因素。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年1月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院、安徽医科大学第四附属医院、安徽省立医院南区产房分娩的产妇,采用自行设计的网络版营养问卷调查表调查纳入产妇的基础资料、营养状况(包括食物摄入频率和平均每次食物摄入量)及DOL情况,计算每日营养素摄入量、摄入量充足比。产妇DOL影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 本次调查共发放问卷348份,实际回收有效问卷340份,有效回收率为97.7%。发生DOL 107例,发生率为31.5%。不同妊娠前体质指数(BMI)、是否合并糖尿病、不同产次产妇DOL发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。产妇妊娠晚期三大宏量营养素蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物平均供能比分别为17.3%、22.6%、60.1%,能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物摄入量充足比分别为1.09、1.26、1.49,维生素B6摄入量充足比为0.36。发生DOL与未发生DOL产妇能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素E、铁、硒摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病〔OR=0.383,95%CI(0.181,0.808)〕、产次〔OR=2.275,95%CI(1.307,3.957)〕是产妇发生DOL的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 产妇妊娠晚期营养总体摄入偏高,能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物等摄入过量,但维生素B6摄入严重不足。妊娠期糖尿病、产次是产妇发生DOL的影响因素,因此需要加强产妇相关健康教育。

关键词: 妊娠晚期, 营养素, 泌乳障碍, Ⅱ期泌乳启动延迟, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background WHO advocates exclusive breastfeeding for infants under six months of age.However,global breastfeeding for infants of this age is not satisfactory.Delayed onset of lactogenesisⅡ(DOL) is an important factor affecting breastfeeding.Good maternal nutrition is a key to successful breastfeeding.Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is the ability of mother to provide energies and nutrients for breastfeeding for her baby.And its relationship with DOL has attracted increased attention.Objective To investigate the nutrients intake during the third trimester and factors associated with DOL for in maternal women.Methods Puerperas who delivered in the delivery room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Anhui Provincial Hospital(South) were selected from January 2018 to January 2019.An online survey using a questionnaire developed by our research team was conducted in the participants to collect their basic data,nutritional status(including food intake frequency and average food intake per time) and DOL.According to the survey,average daily nutrient intake and nutrient adequacy ratio were calculated.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of DOL.Results 340 of the 348 participants (97.7%) who returned effective responsive questionnaires were finally enrolled.The prevalence of DOL was 31.5% (107/340),which differed significantly by prepregnancy BMI,prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus,and delivery times (P<0.05).During the third trimester,the average ratios of three macronutrients,protein,fat and carbohydrates,to total dietary energy,were 17.3%,22.6%,60.1%,respectively.The adequacy ratio for the intake of energy,protein,carbohydrate intake and vitamin B6 was 1.09,1.26,1.49,and 0.36,respectively.There were significant differences in the intake of energy,protein,fat,carbohydrates,vitamin B2,vitamin B6,vitamin E,iron and selenium between women with and without DOL(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational diabetes mellitus 〔OR=0.383,95%CI(0.181,0.808)〕 and parity 〔OR=2.275,95%CI(1.307,3.957)〕 were the independent influencing factors of DOL (P<0.05).Conclusion Higher intake of nutrients during the third trimester is found in maternal women in general.Although the intakes of energy,protein and carbohydrates are too high,vitamin B6 intake is seriously insufficient.Gestational diabetes mellitus and parity are the influencing factors of DOL,so it is necessary to strengthen the related health education in pregnant women.

Key words: Pregnancy trimester, third;Nutrient;Lactation disorders;Delayed onset of lactogenesisⅡ;Root cause analysis