关键词: 卫生政策, 卫生资源, 内容分析法, 政策分析

Abstract: Background　Incentives for quality health resources to sink depend on government policies.Policy tools are designed and appropriately selected by the government to drive a series of health sector reforms，so interpreting these tools can best reflect the healthcare reform process.Objective　To explore the characteristics and blind spots of 30 policy documents issued by the central government and the provinces and cities focused on model medical reform，so as to provide a good guide for the effective subsidence of quality health resources.Methods　Using content analysis，from three dimensions of policy classification framework，core competitiveness of medical institutions and policy targets，we selected and interpreted 30 policies incentivizing the allocation of high-quality health resources to primary care issued by the central government，and the provincial and municipal governments of the focus demonstration provinces and cities during the ten years from January 2009 to December 2018 as research objects.With "quality health resources sinking and incentive policy analysis" as the key words，the paper searched through the government portal website，Chinese reform information database and other channels，and analyzed based on the policy classification framework，the core competitiveness of medical institutions and the target of policy action.Results　Among the 150 text units，environmental policy tools were more widely used，accounting for 61.3%（92/150），supply policy tools 24.7%（37/150），and demand policy tools were less used，accounting for only 14.0%（21/150）.Among environmental policy tools，institutional mechanisms are more frequently used than other tools，accounting for 22.8%（21/92） and 21.7%（20/92），respectively.Among the supply-oriented policy tools，the application frequency of training assistance and information platform is relatively high，accounting for 32.4%（12/37） and 27.0%（10/37），respectively.Among the demand policy tools，the traditional medicine service policy tools only account for 14.3%（3/21） of the demand policy tools.In addition，in the dual dimension，the policy items were mostly focused on diagnosis and treatment（60.0%），followed by preventive screening（33.3%），and the least involved rehabilitation and health care stage（6.7%）.Conclusion　We found some core problems existing in the policies，such as the overuse of mandatory environmental policy tools，insufficient effectiveness of supply policy tools in meeting the public health needs，weak interactions between the environmental policy tools，and lack of functionally optimized complementarity between the policy tools.To further incentivize the allocation of high-quality health resources to primary care in China，we put forward the following suggestions：appropriately weakening or reducing the use frequency of mandatory environmental policy tools，increasing the use frequency of supply and demand policy tools，exploration of the optimal combination of policy tools，and appropriately using policy tools according to the specific time and local conditions.

Key words: Health policy, Health resources, Content analysis, Policy analysis