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           老年人身体基本活动能力对失能的影响研究



                 1
           文湘田 ,钮文异        2*                                                                  扫描二维码
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               【摘要】 背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加快,预计到 2030 年我国≥ 65 岁老年人口占总人口比重将达 20% 以上,
           其中失能老年人规模将超过 7 700 万,占总失能人口的比例将≥ 57%。老年人身体基本活动能力下降可导致其生活质
           量下降,并使社会及家庭的养老负担加重。目的 探究身体基本活动能力对老年人失能状况的影响。方法 于 2021
           年 3 月,采用 2015 年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选取接受了身体基本活动能力、失能状况评估
           且关键变量值(性别、年龄、户口所在地、受教育程度)完整的老年人 5 276 例作为研究对象。通过握力、站立测试、
           起坐测试和步速评价老年人的身体基本活动能力,运用工具性日常生活能力(IADL)量表评估老年人失能发生情况。
           比较不同失能发生情况老年人的握力水平、站立测试与起坐测试完成情况、步速,应用二元 Logistic 回归探讨身体基
           本活动能力对老年人失能状况的影响。结果 5 276 例老年人握力为 27.92(9.02)kg,其中 1 713 例(32.47%)握力
           水平为低,1 770 例(33.55%)握力水平为中等,1 793 例(33.98%)握力水平为高;3 930 例(74.49%)能够完成站
           立测试;5 128 例(97.19%)能够完成起坐测试;步速为 0.96(3.12)m/s,其中 1 750 例(33.17%)步速慢,1 759 例(33.34%)
           步速中等,1 767 例(33.49%)步速快;1 419 例(26.90%)老年人发生失能。不同失能发生情况老年人握力水平、站
           立测试与起坐测试完成情况、步速比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元 Logistic 回归结果显示:无论对于 60~74
           岁还是≥ 75 岁老年人,握力水平、站立测试与起坐测试完成情况、步速均是老年人失能发生的影响因素(P<0.05),
           特别是无法完成起坐测试的 60~74、≥ 75 岁老年人失能的发生风险分别是能够完成者的 3.045、4.126 倍。结论 身体
           基本活动能力较差的老年人更可能发生失能。建议加强对老年人身体基本活动能力的干预,进而延缓其失能的发生,
           改善其失能的严重程度,提高其生活质量,最终减少其医疗卫生服务需求的同时,减轻其家庭照护者的照护压力。
               【关键词】 身体基本活动能力;工具性日常生活能力;失能;老年人
               【中图分类号】 R 339.34 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0230
               文湘田,钮文异 . 老年人身体基本活动能力对失能的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(28):3502-
           3507.[www.chinagp.net]
               WEN X T,NIU W Y. Correlation between disability and basic movement ability in elderly people[J]. Chinese General
           Practice,2022,25(28):3502-3507.

                                                                                   1
           Correlation between Disability and Basic Movement Ability in Elderly People WEN Xiangtian ,NIU Wenyi 2*
           1.Department of Internal Medicine,Peking University Hospital,Beijing 100871,China
           2.School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China
           *
           Corresponding author:NIU Wenyi,Professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:health1956@163.com
               【Abstract】 Background As the pace of population aging accelerates,the estimated people aged ≥ 65 years will
           account for more than 20% of the total population in China by 2030,among them those with disability will expand to 77 million,
           possessing more than 57% of the total disability population. Decline in the basic movement ability can lead to reduced quality of
           life,and increased burden on society and families. Objective To explore the correlation of basic movement ability with disability
           status in the elderly. Methods The study was carried out in March 2021. Data were collected from the database of China Health
           and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2015,involving 5 276 surveyees aged ≥ 60 years with complete values of
           assessed basic movement ability and disability and key variables(gender,age,household location,education level). The
           grip strength test,five-repetition sit-to-stand(FRSTS)test,standing balance test and gait speed test were used to evaluate
           the basic movement ability. Disability prevalence was evaluated by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL)Scale.
           The grip strength level,gait speed,and prevalence of completion of standing balance test and FRSTS test were compared by
           the prevalence of disability. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of basic movement ability and disability status.
           Results The average grip strength value for all individuals was 27.92(9.02)kg. The prevalence of poor,fair and good grip

               1.100871 北京市,北京大学医院内科 2.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
               *
               通信作者:钮文异,教授,硕士生导师;E-mail:health1956@163.com
               本文数字出版日期:2022-08-11
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