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among Chinese children is of great significance for the prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection in this group. Objective
To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among Chinese children. Methods
In June 2021,We searched for studies on Helicobacter pylori infection and its risk factors among Chinese children in databases
of PubMed,EmBase,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang Data from inception to June 2021. Two reviewers
independently screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed
using R 4.1.0. Results Thirty-seven articles were included with a total sample size of 40 786 cases,of whom 11 267 were
infected with Helicobacter pylori. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 30.31%
〔95%CI=(25.72%,35.10%)〕. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection significantly
varied by geographical region of participants,the year of the publication of the article,and Helicobacter pylori detection
method(P<0.05). With the city economic decline,the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children was on the rise
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(χ trend =465.955, P<0.001). Univariate meta-regression results showed that the city economic level had a significant impact on
the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children(P<0.05). Meta-analysis further indicated that poor living conditions
〔OR(95%CI)=1.47(1.09,2.00)〕,history of premastication〔OR(95%CI)=2.88(1.80,4.60)〕,children〔OR(95%CI)=1.56
(1.01,2.43)〕or family members〔OR(95%CI)=2.23(1.68,2.98)〕with gastrointestinal symptoms,gnawing fingers
or toys〔OR(95%CI)=3.64(2.10,6.32)〕,and use of shared bathroom utensils〔OR(95%CI)=2.54(2.54,5.73)〕
were all risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in children. In contrast,living in urban areas〔OR(95%CI)=0.63(0.56,0.71)〕
and washing hands frequently〔OR(95%CI)=0.36(0.18,0.69)〕were associated with decreased risk of Helicobacter pylori
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infection. In addition,the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection increased with the age of the children(χ trend =416.923,
P<0.001). Conclusion The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Chinese children is high,which may be
higher in children living in rural and economically lagging areas,and with poor hygiene habits of individuals or family members.
Strengthening Helicobacter pylori screening in children in rural areas and the education of associated risk factors will help to
effectively prevent Helicobacter pylori infection in children.
【Key words】 Children;Helicobacter pylori;Risk factors;Meta-analysis;Evidence-based medicine
目前,诸多研究已经证实幽门螺杆菌感染是胃癌发生的 包括幽门螺杆菌 IgG 抗体(Hp-IgG)检测或幽门螺杆菌粪便
始动因素,与胃癌的发生密切相关;WHO 将幽门螺杆菌列为 抗原检测(Hp-SAT)。排除标准:(1)非中、英文文献;(2)
胃癌的Ⅰ类致癌原 [1] 。中国是胃癌高发国家,也是幽门螺杆 以住院或门诊患儿作为研究对象的文献;(3)重复发表的文献;
菌的高感染国家 [2] 。幽门螺杆菌感染的发生与地区经济水平、 (4)数据无法完整提取 / 有明显错误的文献;(5)综述、系
卫生条件,以及个人健康状况、生活习惯等因素关系密切 [3] 。 统评价、会议论文、以摘要形式发表的研究成果。
由于儿童群体免疫力差、胃黏膜屏障保护功能较弱,幽门螺 1.2 文献检索策略 于 2021 年 6 月,计算机检索 PubMed、
杆菌进入儿童胃内后,很难被自然清除 [3] 。幽门螺杆菌感染 EmBase、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊
会影响身体吸收营养元素的能力,进而对儿童的生长发育造 全文数据库和万方数据知识服务平台,获取有关中国儿童幽
成不良影响 [3] 。因此,了解中国儿童幽门螺杆菌感染情况及 门螺杆菌感染现状及其影响因素的研究,检索时限均为建库
其影响因素,并积极采取有力措施预防与控制幽门螺杆菌感 至 2021 年 6 月。中文检索词包括:儿童、幽门螺杆菌、幽
染,对于保障儿童健康成长具有重要意义。目前,有关我国 门螺旋杆菌、调查。英文检索词包括:children、Helicobacter
儿童幽门螺杆菌感染现状及其影响因素的研究较少,并且受 pylori、China。以 PubMed 为例,具体检索策略为:(children[All
研究方案设计、调查地域、调查对象群体特征等因素的影响, Fields])AND(Helicobacter pylori[All Fields])AND(China[All
不同研究结果之间存在较大差异。因此,本文通过收集整理、 Fields])。
评价儿童幽门螺杆菌感染相关文献,并进行 Meta 分析,旨在 1.3 文献筛选与资料提取 由 2 名研究者独立筛选文献、提
了解我国儿童幽门螺杆菌感染现状,分析儿童幽门螺杆菌感 取资料并交叉核对,如有不同意见,则通过讨论达成一致意
染的影响因素,为儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的预防提供流行病学 见或者与第 3 方协商解决。文献筛选时,首先阅读文题和摘
依据。 要(初筛),在排除明显不相关的文献后,进一步通读全文
1 资料与方法 根据纳入和排除标准以最终确定是否纳入(复筛)。资料提
1.1 文献纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:(1)研究对象为中国 取内容主要包括:第一作者、发表年份、地区、研究类型、
大陆地区年龄≤ 15 岁的儿童自然人群;(2)研究类型为观 抽样方法、研究群体、年龄、样本量、幽门螺杆菌感染例数、
察性研究,包括队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究;(3) 检测方法、报告的影响因素。
研究内容为儿童幽门螺杆菌感染现状及其影响 / 预测因素;(4) 1.4 纳入研究的偏倚风险评价 由 2 名研究者独立采用
研究明确交代了调查地点、人群特征、样本总量、感染例数 LONEY 等 [4] 研制的疾病感染率或发病率研究偏倚风险评价
等内容;(5)研究明确报告了幽门螺杆菌感染的检测方法, 标准对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评价,若有不同意见,则通过