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other markers with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR) in patients with T2DM using a FGMS. Methods T2DM patients
(n=79) using a FGMS were selected from Department of Geriatrics,Peking University People's Hospital from January 2019
to October 2021,including 29 with UACR greater than 30 mg/g(albuminuria group) and 50 with UACR less than 30 mg/g
(non-albuminuria group). The clinical characteristics,laboratory test markers,and blood glucose metrics monitored by the
FGMS of the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses were used to explore the correlation
of TIR and time above range(TAR) with glycated hemoglobin(HbA 1c ). Pearson correlation,Spearman correlation and
partial correlation analyses were used to explore the correlations of FGMS markers with natural logarithm-transformed UACR,
respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the development of albuminuria
in T2DM. The predictive value of TIR for albuminuria was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.
Results Compared with the non-albuminuria group,albuminuria group had longer duration of T2DM(P<0.05). Moreover,
albuminuria group had higher triacylglycerol,HbA 1c ,mean blood glucose(MBG),TAR,the standard deviation of mean
blood glucose(SDBG),the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions(LAGE),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),
and 2 h continuous overlapping net glycemic action(CONGA 2 ),as well as lower TIR(P<0.05). Pearson correlation and
Spearman correlation analyses showed that HbA 1c was negatively correlated with TIR(P<0.001),and was positively correlated
with TAR(P<0.001). Pearson correlation,Spearman correlation and partial correlation analyses revealed that the natural
logarithm-transformed UACR was negatively correlated with TIR(P<0.001),and was positively correlated with MBG,TAR,
SDBG,LAGE,MAGE,and CONGA 2 (P<0.001). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that TIR>70%〔OR=0.038,
95%CI(0.003,0.467)〕 was associated with decreased risk of albuminuria in T2DM(P<0.05),while elevated TAR〔OR=1.046,
95%CI(1.000,1.094)〕 was associated with increased risk of albuminuria in T2DM(P<0.05). The area under the ROC
curve of TIR for predicting the presence of albuminuria in T2DM was 0.784 〔95%CI(0.674,0.894)〕(P=0.003),with
a sensitivity of 78%,and a specificity of 83% when the optimal cutoff point was chosen as 69.71%. Conclusion The risk of
albuminuria decreased with TIR>70% but increased with elevated TAR in T2DM. UACR was closely related with SDBG,LAGE,
MAGE,CONGA 2 and other markers reflecting blood glucose fluctuations. Early screening and identifying T2DM patients with a
low TIR level,and a high TAR,SDBG,LAGE,MAGE,and CONGA 2 will help to prevent the development of albuminuria.
【Key words】 Diabetes mellitus,type 2;Diabetic nephropathy;Albuminuria;Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio;
Blood glucose self-monitoring;Flash glucose monitoring system;Time in range;Blood glucose fluctuations
血糖监测是糖尿病管理的重要一环,临床上将糖化 发现,TIR 与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的严重程度和颈
血红蛋白(HbA 1c )作为反映患者长期血糖控制水平的 动脉内中膜厚度(cIMT)异常的风险均呈负相关 [9-10] 。
金标准。但近些年来,有学者提出 HbA 1c 与平均血糖之 糖尿病肾病是糖尿病患者重要的并发症,以持续性
间的关系存在个体差异 [1] ,且 HbA 1c 受年龄、贫血、 白蛋白尿为主要表现。目前推荐采用随机尿测定尿白蛋
妊娠、肝肾疾病等影响,因此,仅根据 HbA 1c 评估血糖 白 / 肌酐比值(UACR)作为白蛋白尿的评价指标 [11] 。
情况、制定治疗方案并不全面。此外,由于人体血糖具 明确 FGMS 指标与 UACR 之间的关系有助于 FGMS 的临
有连续、波动的特点,因此,无论是自我血糖监测(SMBG) 床应用,但目前相关研究仍较少,本研究旨在探究中国
还是 HbA 1c ,均无法精细地反映患者全天血糖的动态变 成人 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)患者 FGMS 中 TIR 等多种指
化 [2] 。 标与 UACR 的相关性,为 FGMS 的临床应用提供依据。
持续葡萄糖监测系统(CGMS)作为传统监测方法 1 对象与方法
的有效补充,能够提供数天内大部分连续的血糖谱,对 1.1 研究对象 选取 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 10 月于
血糖波动的评估也具有优势。其中,新型 CGMS——扫 北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴 FGMS 的 T2DM
描式葡萄糖监测系统(FGMS)较传统 CGMS 易用性高、 患者 94 例。排除严重肝脏疾病或转氨酶≥ 3 倍正常
佩戴时间长、无需毛细血管血糖校准 [3] ,准确性与安 上限、严重肾脏疾病或估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)
2
-1
-1
全性良好 [4-6] 。FGMS 指标中,葡萄糖在目标范围内时 <30 ml·min ·(1.73 m ) 、血清白蛋白(ALB)<30
间(TIR)是指患者 24 h 内葡萄糖水平在指定区间(通 g/L、有恶性肿瘤病史、有糖尿病酮症酸中毒或高渗高
常为 3.9~10.0 mmol/L)的时长或百分比,该参数简便、 糖综合征病史、近 3 个月内新发感染、心肌梗死、脑梗
直观,与 HbA 1c 具有线性关系 [7] ,早在 2017 年,国际 死、创伤等严重应激状态以及重要数据缺失者,最终纳
共识就推荐 TIR 作为血糖控制的重要指标 [8] 。不仅如此, 入 79 例患者。本研究方案已通过北京大学人民医院伦
TIR 还与糖尿病并发症密切相关。我国贾伟平团队研究 理审查委员会审批(2021PHB445)。