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To investigate the association of high normal SUA level with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods A retrospective
cohort design was used. Participants(n=7 074) were individuals who received two or more times of health examinations in
Physical Examination Center,Hebei General Hospital from 2010 to 2019. All of them had no carotid atherosclerosis with normal
SUA levels〔classified into quartiles of SUA:quartile 1(n=1 794),quartile 2(n=1 752),quartile 3(n=1 785)and
quartile 4(n=1 743)〕 at the enrolment. General information,physical examination,laboratory test indicators and carotid
ultrasound indicators were collected. A follow-up was conducted with them until December 2019 with the prevalence of progression
of carotid atherosclerosis〔defined as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) greater than 1 mm or carotid atherosclerosis
prevalence detected by carotid ultrasound〕 as the endpoint. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the association of SUA
with carotid atherosclerosis. Results Among the participants,1 476(20.86%) showed progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis progression in quartiles 1-4 was 17.50%(314/1 794),21.12%(370/1 752),
21.79%(389/1 785) and 23.12%(403/1 743),respectively,demonstrating a trend of growth with the increase in SUA
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level(χ trend =3.58,P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors,Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of carotid
atherosclerosis progression in quartile 4 group was higher than that in quartile 1 group〔HR=1.46,95%CI (1.06,2.01),
P<0.05〕. Further analysis revealed that the risk of carotid atherosclerosis progression was higher in those aged less than 60 years
〔HR=1.68,95%CI(1.15,2.45),P<0.05〕,men〔HR=1.52,95%CI(1.04,2.22),P<0.05〕,non-smokers〔HR=2.12,
95%CI(1.21,3.71),P<0.05〕,non-drinkers〔HR=1.78,95%CI(1.13,2.79),P<0.05〕,those without metabolic
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syndrome〔HR=1.51,95%CI(1.02,2.23),P<0.05〕,and those with BMI ≤ 24.0 kg/m 〔HR=1.75,95%CI(1.09,2.81),
P<0.05〕 in quartile 4 group in comparison with the corresponding conventional counterparts in quartile 1 group. Conclusion
The increase of SUA level within the normal range may be associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis,and the
risk may be higher in those aged <60 years,men,smoking history,no drinking history,no metabolic syndrome,or having
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BMI ≤ 24.0 kg/m .
【Key words】 Carotid artery diseases;Carotid atherosclerosis;Uric acid;Carotid intima-media thickness;Carotid
stenosis;Cohort studies;Physical examination
动脉粥样硬化是心脑血管疾病的重要病理基础,造 院体检中心进行健康查体的人群。纳入标准:(1)
成了沉重的社会和经济负担 [1] 。动脉粥样硬化的发病 健康查体至少 2 次;(2)年龄≥ 18 岁;(3)基线
机制尚未完全明确,现有证据表明血脂异常、肥胖、高 SUA 水平在参考范围(120 μmol/L ≤男性 SUA ≤ 420
血压、糖尿病和代谢综合征等是动脉粥样硬化发生、发 μmol/L;120 μmol/L ≤ 女 性 SUA ≤ 360 μmol/L);
展的危险因素 [2] 。血尿酸(SUA)是人体内嘌呤代谢 (4)初次体检时 cIMT ≤ 1 mm 且无颈动脉斑块形成。
的最终产物 [3] ,高水平的 SUA 能够激活氧化应激、纤 排除标准:(1)任意一次健康查体数据中 SUA 或颈动
维化通路,并诱导内皮功能障碍等 [4-5] 。近年来有研 脉超声资料不全者;(2)既往有严重的心脑血管疾病、
究发现 SUA 与肥胖、高血压等动脉粥样硬化的传统危 肝肾功能异常、内分泌性代谢异常疾病、精神异常者。
险因素相关 [6-8] ,一系列临床研究还表明 SUA 水平升 当受试者在后续体检中经颈动脉超声诊断为 cIMT>1 mm
高可能与动脉粥样硬化相关 [9-11] 。但同时 SUA 也是一 或有颈动脉斑块形成则被认为出现颈动脉粥样硬化进
种抗氧化剂,其抗氧化作用可能是一种保护因素 [3] 。 展并结束随访。患者若未出现颈动脉粥样硬化进展,
亦有研究发现 SUA 与动脉粥样硬化之间并无明显相关 则直至 2019 年 12 月随访结束。总共 7 074 例受试者被
性 [12-13] 。SUA 水平与动脉粥样硬化的关系尚存争议, 纳入了最终的分析(图 1)。根据基线 SUA 水平的四
现有的研究结果不一致,大型队列研究不足。 分位数将受试者分为 Q1 组(SUA:123~248 μmol/L,
颈动脉内中膜厚度(cIMT)以及颈动脉斑块形成 n=1 794)、Q2 组(SUA:249~296 μmol/L,n=1 752)、
是颈动脉粥样硬化存在和进展的可靠标志 [14] ,其测量 Q3 组(SUA:297~346 μmol/L,n=1 785)、Q4 组(SUA:
简单、无创、可重复,研究表明通过对两者的测量能够 347~419 μmol/L,n=1 743)。本研究已获得河北省人
无创监测颈动脉粥样硬化的进展。为了更进一步地明确 民医院伦理委员会批准(NO.202190)。
SUA 是否为动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,本研究采用 1.2 临床资料收集
回顾性队列研究,探究 SUA 在参考范围内升高是否会 1.2.1 一般资料 通过体检中心数据库获取受试者的基
对颈动脉粥样硬化的进展产生影响。 本信息,包括:年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、既往病
1 对象与方法 史等基本信息。
1.1 研究对象 选取 2010—2019 年于河北省人民医 1.2.2 体格检查 测量受试者的腰围、身高、体质量,