
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 4777-4782.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0486
• Article·Multimorbidity Section • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2025-11-26
Revised:2026-03-10
Published:2026-11-15
Online:2026-10-10
Contact:
MA Yingchun
通讯作者:
马迎春
作者简介:作者贡献:
吝泽华负责文献查阅与论文撰写;张兰、戴珊珊、魏媛媛负责资料收集;李兴莉负责患者康复评定;马迎春负责课题设计与实施、论文指导、修改与审校,对本文整体负责。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0486
| 生活能力、握力 | 营养、压疮风险、便秘评定 | 心理、认知、睡眠评估 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 评估方法 | 评估标准 | 评估方法 | 评估标准 | 评估方法 | 评估标准 |
| ADL评分 | 65~95分,轻度受损; 45~60分,中度受损; ≤40分,重度依赖 | MNA-SF评分 | ≤7分,营养不良; 8~11分,存在营养不良风险; ≥12分,无营养不良风险 | ACCI | 每增加1分,死亡风险升高 |
| 精神状态评估[ | 0分,能力完好; 1分,轻度受损; 2分,中度受损; 3分,重度受损 | FRAIL衰弱量表评分 | 0分,正常; 1~2分,衰弱前期; 3~5分,衰弱 | MMSE量表(认知障碍) | 小学以下≤17分; 小学≤20分; 中学以上≤24分 |
| 感知觉与沟通[ | 0分,能力完好; 1分,轻度受损; 2分,中度受损; 3分,重度受损 | Morse跌倒风险评估 | 0~24分,低风险; 25~44分,中风险; ≥45分,高风险 | 老年谵妄评定表 | ≤19分,没有谵妄; 20~22分,可疑谵妄; >22分,谵妄 |
| 社会参与生活能力[ | 0~2分,能力完好; 3~7分,轻度受损; 8~13分,中度受损; 14~20分,重度受损 | Braden压疮发生风险评分 | ≤9分,极高危; 10~12分,高危; 13~14分,中危; 15~18分,低危; ≥19分,无风险 | SAS标准分 | 50~59分,轻度焦虑; 60~69分,中度焦虑; ≥70分,重度焦虑 |
| 利手握力 | 老年人握力预警值: 男性<26 kg; 女性<18 kg | 便秘Wexner评分 | 5~10分,轻度便秘; 11~15分,中度便秘; >15分,重度便秘 | GDS评分 | 0~10分,正常; 11~20分,轻度抑郁; 21~30分,中重度抑郁 |
| 5次起坐时间 | ≤11.1 s,4分; 11.2~13.6 s,3分; 13.7~16.6 s,2分; ≥16.7 s,1分; 无法完成,0分 | AIS评分 | 0~3分,无失眠; 4~6分,轻度失眠; 7~10分,中度失眠; ≥11分,重度失眠 | ||
Table 1 Geriatric health assessment scales
| 生活能力、握力 | 营养、压疮风险、便秘评定 | 心理、认知、睡眠评估 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 评估方法 | 评估标准 | 评估方法 | 评估标准 | 评估方法 | 评估标准 |
| ADL评分 | 65~95分,轻度受损; 45~60分,中度受损; ≤40分,重度依赖 | MNA-SF评分 | ≤7分,营养不良; 8~11分,存在营养不良风险; ≥12分,无营养不良风险 | ACCI | 每增加1分,死亡风险升高 |
| 精神状态评估[ | 0分,能力完好; 1分,轻度受损; 2分,中度受损; 3分,重度受损 | FRAIL衰弱量表评分 | 0分,正常; 1~2分,衰弱前期; 3~5分,衰弱 | MMSE量表(认知障碍) | 小学以下≤17分; 小学≤20分; 中学以上≤24分 |
| 感知觉与沟通[ | 0分,能力完好; 1分,轻度受损; 2分,中度受损; 3分,重度受损 | Morse跌倒风险评估 | 0~24分,低风险; 25~44分,中风险; ≥45分,高风险 | 老年谵妄评定表 | ≤19分,没有谵妄; 20~22分,可疑谵妄; >22分,谵妄 |
| 社会参与生活能力[ | 0~2分,能力完好; 3~7分,轻度受损; 8~13分,中度受损; 14~20分,重度受损 | Braden压疮发生风险评分 | ≤9分,极高危; 10~12分,高危; 13~14分,中危; 15~18分,低危; ≥19分,无风险 | SAS标准分 | 50~59分,轻度焦虑; 60~69分,中度焦虑; ≥70分,重度焦虑 |
| 利手握力 | 老年人握力预警值: 男性<26 kg; 女性<18 kg | 便秘Wexner评分 | 5~10分,轻度便秘; 11~15分,中度便秘; >15分,重度便秘 | GDS评分 | 0~10分,正常; 11~20分,轻度抑郁; 21~30分,中重度抑郁 |
| 5次起坐时间 | ≤11.1 s,4分; 11.2~13.6 s,3分; 13.7~16.6 s,2分; ≥16.7 s,1分; 无法完成,0分 | AIS评分 | 0~3分,无失眠; 4~6分,轻度失眠; 7~10分,中度失眠; ≥11分,重度失眠 | ||
| 组别 | 例数 | 年龄( | 性别(男/女) | BMI ( | 糖尿病[例(%)] | 高血压[例(%)] | 心血管疾病[例(%)] | 吸烟[例(%)] | 慢性阻塞性肺疾病[例(%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 75.2±9.2 | 14/18 | 24.3±3.7 | 21(65.6) | 29(90.6) | 20(62.5) | 11(34.4) | 3(9.4) |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 73.9±9.1 | 45/37 | 24.6±3.4 | 43(52.4) | 69(84.1) | 26(31.7) | 30(36.6) | 6(7.3) |
| t(χ2)值 | 0.946 | 1.142a | -0.445 | 1.162a | 0.354a | 9.068a | 0.049a | <0.001a | |
| P值 | 0.346 | 0.285 | 0.657 | 0.202 | 0.552 | 0.003 | 0.825 | >0.999 | |
| 组别 | 共病数>2种[例(%)] | 共病数≥5种[例(%)] | 血红蛋白( | 血清白蛋白( | 血尿素( | 血肌酐( | 入院时尿量( | ||
| AKI-GC组 | 31(96.9) | 21(65.6) | 107.2±24.7 | 34.8±6.1 | 19.3±11.0 | 275.9±165.8 | 1 287.2±590.2 | ||
| 非AKI-GC组 | 79(96.3) | 39(47.6) | 114.6±23.6 | 36.4±5.9 | 12.2±9.8 | 172.6±159.6 | 1 502.4±671.6 | ||
| t(χ2)值 | 0.019a | 3.013a | -1.492 | -1.239 | 3.349 | 3.072 | -1.588 | ||
| P值 | 0.890 | 0.083 | 0.138 | 0.218 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.115 |
Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics of the AKI-GC group and the non-AKI-GC group
| 组别 | 例数 | 年龄( | 性别(男/女) | BMI ( | 糖尿病[例(%)] | 高血压[例(%)] | 心血管疾病[例(%)] | 吸烟[例(%)] | 慢性阻塞性肺疾病[例(%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 75.2±9.2 | 14/18 | 24.3±3.7 | 21(65.6) | 29(90.6) | 20(62.5) | 11(34.4) | 3(9.4) |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 73.9±9.1 | 45/37 | 24.6±3.4 | 43(52.4) | 69(84.1) | 26(31.7) | 30(36.6) | 6(7.3) |
| t(χ2)值 | 0.946 | 1.142a | -0.445 | 1.162a | 0.354a | 9.068a | 0.049a | <0.001a | |
| P值 | 0.346 | 0.285 | 0.657 | 0.202 | 0.552 | 0.003 | 0.825 | >0.999 | |
| 组别 | 共病数>2种[例(%)] | 共病数≥5种[例(%)] | 血红蛋白( | 血清白蛋白( | 血尿素( | 血肌酐( | 入院时尿量( | ||
| AKI-GC组 | 31(96.9) | 21(65.6) | 107.2±24.7 | 34.8±6.1 | 19.3±11.0 | 275.9±165.8 | 1 287.2±590.2 | ||
| 非AKI-GC组 | 79(96.3) | 39(47.6) | 114.6±23.6 | 36.4±5.9 | 12.2±9.8 | 172.6±159.6 | 1 502.4±671.6 | ||
| t(χ2)值 | 0.019a | 3.013a | -1.492 | -1.239 | 3.349 | 3.072 | -1.588 | ||
| P值 | 0.890 | 0.083 | 0.138 | 0.218 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.115 |
| 组别 | 例数 | ADL评分下降 | 失能 | 认知功能障碍 | 谵妄 | 焦虑 | 抑郁 | 失眠 | 营养不良及营养不良风险 | 压疮高风险 | 衰弱 | 跌倒高风险 | 便秘 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 24(75.0) | 30(93.8) | 7(21.9) | 3(9.4) | 12(37.5) | 21(65.6) | 22(68.8) | 28(87.5) | 8(25.0) | 21(65.6) | 24(75.0) | 15(46.9) |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 32(39.0) | 56(68.3) | 9(11.0) | 1(1.2) | 4(4.9) | 29(35.4) | 49(59.8) | 37(45.1) | 2(2.4) | 25(30.5) | 38(46.3) | 29(35.4) |
| χ2值 | 11.920 | 6.735 | 2.266 | 4.482 | 17.688 | 8.559 | 0.793 | 15.182 | 11.957 | 11.807 | 7.620 | 1.286 | |
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.132 | 0.034 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.373 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.257 |
Table 3 Comparison of the incidence of functional disability between the AKI-GC group and the non-AKI-GC group
| 组别 | 例数 | ADL评分下降 | 失能 | 认知功能障碍 | 谵妄 | 焦虑 | 抑郁 | 失眠 | 营养不良及营养不良风险 | 压疮高风险 | 衰弱 | 跌倒高风险 | 便秘 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 24(75.0) | 30(93.8) | 7(21.9) | 3(9.4) | 12(37.5) | 21(65.6) | 22(68.8) | 28(87.5) | 8(25.0) | 21(65.6) | 24(75.0) | 15(46.9) |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 32(39.0) | 56(68.3) | 9(11.0) | 1(1.2) | 4(4.9) | 29(35.4) | 49(59.8) | 37(45.1) | 2(2.4) | 25(30.5) | 38(46.3) | 29(35.4) |
| χ2值 | 11.920 | 6.735 | 2.266 | 4.482 | 17.688 | 8.559 | 0.793 | 15.182 | 11.957 | 11.807 | 7.620 | 1.286 | |
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.132 | 0.034 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.373 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.257 |
| 组别 | 例数 | ACCI ( | ADL评分( | 精神状态评估异常[例(%)] | 感知觉与沟通异常[例(%)] | 社会参与生活能力异常[例(%)] | 利手握力( | 5次起坐时间≥16.7 s [例(%)] | MMSE评分( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 7.1±3.1 | 66.1±37.5 | 24(75.0) | 15(46.9) | 20(62.5) | 19.5±8.2 | 8(25.0) | 21.9±7.1 |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 5.0±2.6 | 88.3±19.4 | 49(59.6) | 21(25.6) | 35(42.9) | 21.4±7.4 | 41(50.0) | 25.2±6.1 |
| t(χ2)值 | 3.691 | -5.079 | 2.322a | 4.817a | 3.620a | -1.006 | 5.870a | -2.455 | |
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.128 | 0.028 | 0.057 | 0.317 | 0.015 | 0.016 | |
| 组别 | 老年谵妄评定表评分( | SAS标准分( | GDS评分( | AIS评分( | MNA-SF评分( | Braden压疮发生风险评分( | FRAIL衰弱量表评分( | Morse跌倒风险评估( | 便秘Wexner评分( |
| AKI-GC组 | 12.8±4.1 | 45.4±8.2 | 11.9±7.4 | 7.0±5.0 | 8.2±2.9 | 17.1±4.4 | 3.2±1.8 | 58.9±21.8 | 5.6±4.6 |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 10.7±3.3 | 37.2±7.8 | 9.3±6.7 | 5.2±4.8 | 11.3±2.5 | 20.3±3.2 | 1.7±1.6 | 47.2±17.0 | 3.8±3.1 |
| t(χ2)值 | 2.988 | 4.950 | 1.850 | 1.768 | -5.660 | -4.237 | 4.396 | 3.043 | 1.967 |
| P值 | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.067 | 0.080 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.056 |
Table 4 Comparison of comprehensive geriatric assessment between the AKI-GC group and the non-AKI-GC group
| 组别 | 例数 | ACCI ( | ADL评分( | 精神状态评估异常[例(%)] | 感知觉与沟通异常[例(%)] | 社会参与生活能力异常[例(%)] | 利手握力( | 5次起坐时间≥16.7 s [例(%)] | MMSE评分( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-GC组 | 32 | 7.1±3.1 | 66.1±37.5 | 24(75.0) | 15(46.9) | 20(62.5) | 19.5±8.2 | 8(25.0) | 21.9±7.1 |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 82 | 5.0±2.6 | 88.3±19.4 | 49(59.6) | 21(25.6) | 35(42.9) | 21.4±7.4 | 41(50.0) | 25.2±6.1 |
| t(χ2)值 | 3.691 | -5.079 | 2.322a | 4.817a | 3.620a | -1.006 | 5.870a | -2.455 | |
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.128 | 0.028 | 0.057 | 0.317 | 0.015 | 0.016 | |
| 组别 | 老年谵妄评定表评分( | SAS标准分( | GDS评分( | AIS评分( | MNA-SF评分( | Braden压疮发生风险评分( | FRAIL衰弱量表评分( | Morse跌倒风险评估( | 便秘Wexner评分( |
| AKI-GC组 | 12.8±4.1 | 45.4±8.2 | 11.9±7.4 | 7.0±5.0 | 8.2±2.9 | 17.1±4.4 | 3.2±1.8 | 58.9±21.8 | 5.6±4.6 |
| 非AKI-GC组 | 10.7±3.3 | 37.2±7.8 | 9.3±6.7 | 5.2±4.8 | 11.3±2.5 | 20.3±3.2 | 1.7±1.6 | 47.2±17.0 | 3.8±3.1 |
| t(χ2)值 | 2.988 | 4.950 | 1.850 | 1.768 | -5.660 | -4.237 | 4.396 | 3.043 | 1.967 |
| P值 | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.067 | 0.080 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.056 |
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