Against the backdrop of accelerated global population aging and the escalating burden of chronic disease multimorbidity, primary care faces three core challenges: fragmented health data, inefficient coordination between medical treatment and prevention, and suboptimal resource allocation. The International Classification of Primary Care, 3rd Edition (ICPC-3) released by the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) in December 2020, maintained its strengths in systematically classifying and encoding reasons for encounter (RFE), health problems, and processes of care. It expanded upon previous versions by adding chapters on functioning-related concepts and refining classifications within an enhanced coding framework. Compared with other disease classification systems, ICPC-3 placed greater emphasis on patient-centeredness. It comprehensively encompassed complex symptoms, undifferentiated conditions, and non-disease states encountered in primary health care, thereby accentuating the value of ICPC-3. The unique dual-axis framework of ICPC-3 enhanced its systematicity and logical coherence, allowing it to complement other disease classification methodologies. Consequently, it achieved widespread global adoption. The present paper systematically introduced the coding framework and operational procedures of ICPC-3, aiming to facilitate its implementation and dissemination within China.

在全球老龄化加速、慢性病共病负担激增的背景下，全科医疗面临健康数据碎片化、医防协同低效、资源错配三大核心挑战。世界家庭医生组织（WONCA）2020年12月发布的《国际初级卫生保健分类第3版》（ICPC-3）延续了对就诊原因、健康问题和诊疗流程进行系统性分类编码的优势，增加了功能相关等章节，并重新分类和提供编码框架。相比于其他疾病分类系统，ICPC-3更加注重以患者为中心，囊括初级卫生保健/基层医疗卫生工作中面临的复杂症状、未分化疾病和非疾病状况，突出了基层医疗的服务价值。ICPC-3特有的双轴分类法提升了其系统性和合理性，可与其他疾病分类方法互补，因而在世界范围内广泛使用。本文系统介绍了ICPC-3的编码框架和使用流程，以期为ICPC-3在我国推广应用提供参考。