
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (01): 76-83.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0630
Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-08-19
Revised:2025-10-08
Published:2026-01-05
Online:2025-12-18
Contact:
ZHANG Lijuan
通讯作者:
张丽娟
作者简介:作者贡献:
聂倩倩提出研究目标,负责研究实施与数据分析;程桂荣进行统计学处理与撰写论文;宋丹、李景耀进行数据的收集、整理;许浪负责文章质量控制;张丽娟对文章总体负责。
本文首次刊登于Chinese General Practice Journal 2025年第1期(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559325000069)
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0630
| 组别 | 例数 | 居住地[例(%)] | 性别[例(%)] | 年龄[例(%)] | 受教育程度[例(%)] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 农村 | 城市 | 男 | 女 | <75岁 | ≥75岁 | <1年 | 1~6年 | 7~12年 | >12年 | ||
| 非痴呆组 | 13 621 | 6 241(45.8) | 7 380(54.2) | 6 236(45.8) | 7 385(54.2) | 9 659(70.9) | 3 962(29.1) | 2 629(19.3) | 4 368(32.1) | 5 178(38.0) | 1 446(10.6) |
| 痴呆组 | 1 111 | 867(78.0) | 244(22.0) | 335(30.2) | 776(69.8) | 480(43.2) | 631(56.8) | 727(65.4) | 277(24.9) | 95(8.6) | 12(1.1) |
| χ2(t)值 | 427.046 | 101.551 | 367.545 | 1 319.890 | |||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 组别 | 婚姻状态[例(%)] | BMI( | 吸烟情况[例(%)]a | 饮酒情况[例(%)]a | 社交活动频率[例(%)]a | ||||||
| 无配偶 | 有配偶 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 基本没有 | 偶尔有 | 经常有 | |||
| 非痴呆组 | 3 206(23.5) | 10 415(76.5) | 23.6±3.4 | 9 821(72.1) | 3 793(27.9) | 10 037(73.8) | 3 570(26.2) | 2 058(15.3) | 6 705(50.0) | 4 656(34.7) | |
| 痴呆组 | 518(46.6) | 593(53.4) | 23.1±3.9 | 903(81.6) | 203(18.4) | 829(75.0) | 277(25.0) | 454(42.1) | 389(36.1) | 235(21.8) | |
| χ2(t)值 | 289.881 | 4.000b | 46.743 | 0.752 | 501.346 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.386 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 疾病种类[例(%)] | 共病情况[例(%)] | |||||||||
| 高血压 | 糖尿病 | 心脏病 | 脑血管疾病 | 失眠 | 自主神经功能紊乱 | 否(0~1种疾病) | 是(≥2种疾病) | ||||
| 非痴呆组 | 7 041(51.7) | 2 181(16.0) | 2 149(15.8) | 2 205(16.2) | 5 125(37.6) | 5 729(42.1) | 6 068(44.5) | 7 553(55.5) | |||
| 痴呆组 | 745(67.1) | 195(17.6) | 258(23.2) | 257(23.1) | 432(38.9) | 527(47.4) | 371(33.4) | 740(66.6) | |||
| χ2(t)值 | 97.313 | 1.800 | 41.656 | 35.586 | 0.692 | 12.145 | 51.956 | ||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.180 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.405 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Table 1 Comparison of basic characteristics between dementia and non-dementia groups in community-dwelling older adults
| 组别 | 例数 | 居住地[例(%)] | 性别[例(%)] | 年龄[例(%)] | 受教育程度[例(%)] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 农村 | 城市 | 男 | 女 | <75岁 | ≥75岁 | <1年 | 1~6年 | 7~12年 | >12年 | ||
| 非痴呆组 | 13 621 | 6 241(45.8) | 7 380(54.2) | 6 236(45.8) | 7 385(54.2) | 9 659(70.9) | 3 962(29.1) | 2 629(19.3) | 4 368(32.1) | 5 178(38.0) | 1 446(10.6) |
| 痴呆组 | 1 111 | 867(78.0) | 244(22.0) | 335(30.2) | 776(69.8) | 480(43.2) | 631(56.8) | 727(65.4) | 277(24.9) | 95(8.6) | 12(1.1) |
| χ2(t)值 | 427.046 | 101.551 | 367.545 | 1 319.890 | |||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 组别 | 婚姻状态[例(%)] | BMI( | 吸烟情况[例(%)]a | 饮酒情况[例(%)]a | 社交活动频率[例(%)]a | ||||||
| 无配偶 | 有配偶 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 基本没有 | 偶尔有 | 经常有 | |||
| 非痴呆组 | 3 206(23.5) | 10 415(76.5) | 23.6±3.4 | 9 821(72.1) | 3 793(27.9) | 10 037(73.8) | 3 570(26.2) | 2 058(15.3) | 6 705(50.0) | 4 656(34.7) | |
| 痴呆组 | 518(46.6) | 593(53.4) | 23.1±3.9 | 903(81.6) | 203(18.4) | 829(75.0) | 277(25.0) | 454(42.1) | 389(36.1) | 235(21.8) | |
| χ2(t)值 | 289.881 | 4.000b | 46.743 | 0.752 | 501.346 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.386 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 疾病种类[例(%)] | 共病情况[例(%)] | |||||||||
| 高血压 | 糖尿病 | 心脏病 | 脑血管疾病 | 失眠 | 自主神经功能紊乱 | 否(0~1种疾病) | 是(≥2种疾病) | ||||
| 非痴呆组 | 7 041(51.7) | 2 181(16.0) | 2 149(15.8) | 2 205(16.2) | 5 125(37.6) | 5 729(42.1) | 6 068(44.5) | 7 553(55.5) | |||
| 痴呆组 | 745(67.1) | 195(17.6) | 258(23.2) | 257(23.1) | 432(38.9) | 527(47.4) | 371(33.4) | 740(66.6) | |||
| χ2(t)值 | 97.313 | 1.800 | 41.656 | 35.586 | 0.692 | 12.145 | 51.956 | ||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.180 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.405 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 居住地 | 农村=1,城市=2 |
| 性别 | 男=1,女=2 |
| 年龄 | < 75岁=1,≥ 75岁=2 |
| 受教育程度 | < 1年=1,1 ~ 6年=2,7 ~ 12年=3,> 12年=4 |
| 婚姻状态 | 无配偶=0,有配偶=1 |
| 吸烟情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 饮酒情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 社交活动频率 | 基本没有=1,偶尔有=2,经常有=3 |
| BMI | 实测值 |
| 共病情况 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 认知状态 | 非痴呆=0,痴呆=1 |
Table 2 Variable assignment of multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between hypertension comorbidity and dementia
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 居住地 | 农村=1,城市=2 |
| 性别 | 男=1,女=2 |
| 年龄 | < 75岁=1,≥ 75岁=2 |
| 受教育程度 | < 1年=1,1 ~ 6年=2,7 ~ 12年=3,> 12年=4 |
| 婚姻状态 | 无配偶=0,有配偶=1 |
| 吸烟情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 饮酒情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 社交活动频率 | 基本没有=1,偶尔有=2,经常有=3 |
| BMI | 实测值 |
| 共病情况 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 认知状态 | 非痴呆=0,痴呆=1 |
| 患病情况 | 高血压共病数量 | 患病情况 | 高血压共单一特定疾病 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 无疾病 | 1.000 | 无疾病 | 1.000 | ||
| H | 1.516(1.014~2.267) | 0.042 | H+D | 2.128(1.066~4.249) | 0.032 |
| H+X | 1.879(1.312~2.692) | 0.001 | H+HD | 2.248(1.171~4.316) | 0.015 |
| H+2X | 2.071(1.428~3.004) | <0.001 | H+C | 2.550(1.384~4.700) | 0.003 |
| H+3X | 2.338(1.612~3.392) | <0.001 | H+I | 1.350(0.792~2.300) | 0.270 |
| H+≥4X | 2.591(1.634~4.108) | <0.001 | H+A | 1.792(1.142~2.811) | 0.011 |
Table 3 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the number of hypertension comorbidities and the association between hypertension with a single specific disease and dementia in community-dwelling older adults
| 患病情况 | 高血压共病数量 | 患病情况 | 高血压共单一特定疾病 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 无疾病 | 1.000 | 无疾病 | 1.000 | ||
| H | 1.516(1.014~2.267) | 0.042 | H+D | 2.128(1.066~4.249) | 0.032 |
| H+X | 1.879(1.312~2.692) | 0.001 | H+HD | 2.248(1.171~4.316) | 0.015 |
| H+2X | 2.071(1.428~3.004) | <0.001 | H+C | 2.550(1.384~4.700) | 0.003 |
| H+3X | 2.338(1.612~3.392) | <0.001 | H+I | 1.350(0.792~2.300) | 0.270 |
| H+≥4X | 2.591(1.634~4.108) | <0.001 | H+A | 1.792(1.142~2.811) | 0.011 |
Figure 2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the number of hypertension comorbidities and the association between hypertension with a single specific disease and dementia in community-dwelling older adults of different sex and age groups
| 高血压共多种疾病组合 | B值 | SE值 | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 无疾病 | 1.000 | ||||
| H+D+HD | 0.988 | 0.588 | 2.823 | 0.093 | 2.685(0.848~8.499) |
| H+D+C | 1.150 | 0.517 | 4.944 | 0.026 | 3.159(1.146~8.705) |
| H+D+I | 0.255 | 0.561 | 0.207 | 0.649 | 1.290(0.430~3.871) |
| H+D+A | 0.650 | 0.452 | 2.069 | 0.150 | 1.916(0.790~4.647) |
| H+HD+C | 1.270 | 0.499 | 6.469 | 0.011 | 3.559(1.338~9.468) |
| H+HD+I | 0.618 | 0.492 | 1.577 | 0.209 | 1.856(0.707~4.871) |
| H+HD+A | 1.119 | 0.383 | 8.527 | 0.003 | 3.062(1.445~6.490) |
| H+C+I | 0.930 | 0.404 | 5.290 | 0.021 | 2.534(1.147~5.595) |
| H+C+A | 1.033 | 0.397 | 6.778 | 0.009 | 2.809(1.291~6.111) |
| H+I+A | 0.527 | 0.242 | 4.741 | 0.029 | 1.693(1.054~2.720) |
| H+D+HD+I | 0.914 | 0.571 | 2.561 | 0.110 | 2.494(0.814~7.636) |
| H+D+HD+A | 0.804 | 0.421 | 3.649 | 0.056 | 2.234(0.979~5.098) |
| H+D+C+A | 1.106 | 0.541 | 4.183 | 0.041 | 3.024(1.047~8.730) |
| H+D+I+A | 0.881 | 0.325 | 7.352 | 0.007 | 2.413(1.277~4.562) |
| H+HD+C+I | 1.033 | 0.401 | 6.647 | 0.010 | 2.810(1.281~6.165) |
| H+HD+C+A | 1.356 | 0.411 | 10.912 | 0.001 | 3.881(1.736~8.677) |
| H+HD+I+A | 0.613 | 0.283 | 4.669 | 0.031 | 1.845(1.059~3.216) |
| H+C+I+A | 1.007 | 0.285 | 12.473 | <0.001 | 2.739(1.566~4.790) |
| H+D+HD+I+A | 0.959 | 0.445 | 4.655 | 0.031 | 2.609(1.092~6.235) |
| H+D+C+I+A | 0.789 | 0.478 | 2.721 | 0.099 | 2.200(0.862~5.614) |
| H+HD+C+I+A | 1.047 | 0.339 | 9.553 | 0.002 | 2.850(1.467~5.536) |
| H+D+HD+C+I+A | 1.184 | 0.462 | 6.555 | 0.010 | 3.266(1.320~8.084) |
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between hypertension≥ 2 specific diseases and dementia in community-dwelling older adults
| 高血压共多种疾病组合 | B值 | SE值 | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 无疾病 | 1.000 | ||||
| H+D+HD | 0.988 | 0.588 | 2.823 | 0.093 | 2.685(0.848~8.499) |
| H+D+C | 1.150 | 0.517 | 4.944 | 0.026 | 3.159(1.146~8.705) |
| H+D+I | 0.255 | 0.561 | 0.207 | 0.649 | 1.290(0.430~3.871) |
| H+D+A | 0.650 | 0.452 | 2.069 | 0.150 | 1.916(0.790~4.647) |
| H+HD+C | 1.270 | 0.499 | 6.469 | 0.011 | 3.559(1.338~9.468) |
| H+HD+I | 0.618 | 0.492 | 1.577 | 0.209 | 1.856(0.707~4.871) |
| H+HD+A | 1.119 | 0.383 | 8.527 | 0.003 | 3.062(1.445~6.490) |
| H+C+I | 0.930 | 0.404 | 5.290 | 0.021 | 2.534(1.147~5.595) |
| H+C+A | 1.033 | 0.397 | 6.778 | 0.009 | 2.809(1.291~6.111) |
| H+I+A | 0.527 | 0.242 | 4.741 | 0.029 | 1.693(1.054~2.720) |
| H+D+HD+I | 0.914 | 0.571 | 2.561 | 0.110 | 2.494(0.814~7.636) |
| H+D+HD+A | 0.804 | 0.421 | 3.649 | 0.056 | 2.234(0.979~5.098) |
| H+D+C+A | 1.106 | 0.541 | 4.183 | 0.041 | 3.024(1.047~8.730) |
| H+D+I+A | 0.881 | 0.325 | 7.352 | 0.007 | 2.413(1.277~4.562) |
| H+HD+C+I | 1.033 | 0.401 | 6.647 | 0.010 | 2.810(1.281~6.165) |
| H+HD+C+A | 1.356 | 0.411 | 10.912 | 0.001 | 3.881(1.736~8.677) |
| H+HD+I+A | 0.613 | 0.283 | 4.669 | 0.031 | 1.845(1.059~3.216) |
| H+C+I+A | 1.007 | 0.285 | 12.473 | <0.001 | 2.739(1.566~4.790) |
| H+D+HD+I+A | 0.959 | 0.445 | 4.655 | 0.031 | 2.609(1.092~6.235) |
| H+D+C+I+A | 0.789 | 0.478 | 2.721 | 0.099 | 2.200(0.862~5.614) |
| H+HD+C+I+A | 1.047 | 0.339 | 9.553 | 0.002 | 2.850(1.467~5.536) |
| H+D+HD+C+I+A | 1.184 | 0.462 | 6.555 | 0.010 | 3.266(1.320~8.084) |
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