
Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (29): 3660-3667.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0609
Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑
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Received:2025-01-06
Revised:2025-05-14
Published:2025-10-15
Online:2025-08-26
Contact:
WU Jianhui, ZHANG Xiujun
通讯作者:
武建辉, 张秀军
作者简介:赵紫淇负责文章构思与整体框架设计;赵紫淇、陈嘉琦、朱红敏、郑一展、王欢、胡佳琪负责数据收集、整理和录入;赵紫淇、陈嘉琦负责结果的分析与解释;刘明月、王楠、罗政豪、陈新洋参与论文修订;李峥、张尚明珠、张皓若、宣小庆负责论文的修订;武建辉、张秀军负责文章的质量控制及审校,并对文章整体负责,监督管理。
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| 变量 | 非抑郁症(n=1 877) | 抑郁症(n=312) | χ2(Z)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.187 | 0.666 | ||
| 男 | 631(33.62) | 101(32.37) | ||
| 女 | 1 246(66.38) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 年龄 | 12.656a | 0.013 | ||
| <30岁 | 79(4.21) | 22(7.05) | ||
| 30~岁 | 113(6.02) | 17(5.45) | ||
| 40~岁 | 215(11.45) | 48(15.38) | ||
| 50~岁 | 479(25.52) | 87(27.89) | ||
| 60~岁 | 991(52.80) | 138(44.23) | ||
| 民族 | 7.064 | 0.008 | ||
| 汉族 | 1 843(98.19) | 299(95.83) | ||
| 少数民族 | 34(1.81) | 13(4.17) | ||
| 宗教信仰 | 9.437 | 0.002 | ||
| 无 | 1 809(96.38) | 289(92.63) | ||
| 有 | 68(3.62) | 23(7.37) | ||
| 婚姻状况 | 0.191 | 0.662 | ||
| 未婚 | 306(16.30) | 64(20.51) | ||
| 已婚 | 1 463(77.95) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 其他 | 108(5.75) | 37(11.86) | ||
| 文化程度 | -0.501a | 0.616 | ||
| 小学及以下 | 525(27.97) | 71(22.75) | ||
| 中学 | 1 187(63.24) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 本科及以上 | 165(8.79) | 30(9.62) | ||
| 家庭年收入 | -3.559a | <0.001 | ||
| <10 000元 | 632(33.67) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 10 000~29 999元 | 520(27.70) | 105(33.65) | ||
| 30 000~79 999元 | 622(33.14) | 69(22.12) | ||
| ≥80 000元 | 103(5.49) | 13(4.20) | ||
| 失眠情况 | -8.321a | <0.001 | ||
| 无失眠 | 1 145(61.00) | 128(41.03) | ||
| 轻度失眠 | 624(33.24) | 114(36.54) | ||
| 中度失眠 | 75(4.00) | 29(9.29) | ||
| 重度失眠 | 33(1.76) | 41(13.14) | ||
| 社会支持 | -7.431a | <0.001 | ||
| 高水平 | 1 639(87.32) | 225(72.12) | ||
| 中等水平 | 206(10.97) | 51(16.34) | ||
| 低水平 | 32(1.71) | 36(11.54) | ||
| 吸烟情况 | -1.567a | 0.117 | ||
| 从不吸烟 | 1 377(73.36) | 213(68.27) | ||
| 曾经吸烟,现已戒烟 | 197(10.50) | 30(9.62) | ||
| 现在吸烟 | 303(16.14) | 69(22.11) | ||
| 饮酒情况 | -3.694a | <0.001 | ||
| 从不饮酒 | 1 213(64.62) | 166(53.21) | ||
| 只喝过几次 | 394(20.99) | 87(27.88) | ||
| 平均每个月饮酒2~3次 | 102(5.43) | 26(8.33) | ||
| 每个星期至少喝1次 | 168(8.95) | 33(10.58) | ||
| 每天手机使用时长 | 24.018a | <0.001 | ||
| <4 h | 1 202(64.04) | 167(53.53) | ||
| 4~ h | 491(26.16) | 87(27.88) | ||
| 8~ h | 144(7.67) | 47(15.06) | ||
| 12~ h | 40(2.13) | 11(3.53) | ||
| 幸福感 | -4.976a | <0.001 | ||
| 非常幸福 | 577(30.74) | 69(22.12) | ||
| 比较幸福 | 473(25.20) | 64(20.51) | ||
| 一般 | 735(39.16) | 141(45.19) | ||
| 比较不幸福 | 74(3.94) | 29(9.29) | ||
| 非常不幸福 | 18(0.96) | 9(2.89) | ||
| 锻炼身体情况 | -3.403a | 0.001 | ||
| 从不锻炼 | 529(28.18) | 119(38.14) | ||
| 偶尔锻炼 | 835(44.48) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 几乎每天 | 513(27.34) | 68(21.80) | ||
| 养宠物情况 | 7.891 | 0.005 | ||
| 否 | 1 302(69.37) | 241(77.25) | ||
| 是 | 575(30.63) | 71(22.75) | ||
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 11.424 | 0.001 | ||
| 无 | 786(41.88) | 99(31.73) | ||
| 有 | 1 091(58.12) | 213(68.27) | ||
| 每周工作天数 | 412.742 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤5 d | 1 477(78.69) | 69(22.12) | ||
| >5 d | 400(21.31) | 243(77.88) | ||
| BMI分级 | -3.203a | 0.001 | ||
| 偏瘦 | 53(2.82) | 19(6.09) | ||
| 正常 | 658(35.06) | 76(24.36) | ||
| 超重 | 720(38.36) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 肥胖 | 446(23.76) | 92(29.49) | ||
| 肌酐水平 | 4.822 | 0.028 | ||
| <106 μmoI/L | 1 745(92.97) | 279(89.42) | ||
| ≥106 μmoI/L | 132(7.03) | 33(10.58) |
Table 1 Comparison of basic demographic characteristics between depression and non depression study subjects
| 变量 | 非抑郁症(n=1 877) | 抑郁症(n=312) | χ2(Z)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.187 | 0.666 | ||
| 男 | 631(33.62) | 101(32.37) | ||
| 女 | 1 246(66.38) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 年龄 | 12.656a | 0.013 | ||
| <30岁 | 79(4.21) | 22(7.05) | ||
| 30~岁 | 113(6.02) | 17(5.45) | ||
| 40~岁 | 215(11.45) | 48(15.38) | ||
| 50~岁 | 479(25.52) | 87(27.89) | ||
| 60~岁 | 991(52.80) | 138(44.23) | ||
| 民族 | 7.064 | 0.008 | ||
| 汉族 | 1 843(98.19) | 299(95.83) | ||
| 少数民族 | 34(1.81) | 13(4.17) | ||
| 宗教信仰 | 9.437 | 0.002 | ||
| 无 | 1 809(96.38) | 289(92.63) | ||
| 有 | 68(3.62) | 23(7.37) | ||
| 婚姻状况 | 0.191 | 0.662 | ||
| 未婚 | 306(16.30) | 64(20.51) | ||
| 已婚 | 1 463(77.95) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 其他 | 108(5.75) | 37(11.86) | ||
| 文化程度 | -0.501a | 0.616 | ||
| 小学及以下 | 525(27.97) | 71(22.75) | ||
| 中学 | 1 187(63.24) | 211(67.63) | ||
| 本科及以上 | 165(8.79) | 30(9.62) | ||
| 家庭年收入 | -3.559a | <0.001 | ||
| <10 000元 | 632(33.67) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 10 000~29 999元 | 520(27.70) | 105(33.65) | ||
| 30 000~79 999元 | 622(33.14) | 69(22.12) | ||
| ≥80 000元 | 103(5.49) | 13(4.20) | ||
| 失眠情况 | -8.321a | <0.001 | ||
| 无失眠 | 1 145(61.00) | 128(41.03) | ||
| 轻度失眠 | 624(33.24) | 114(36.54) | ||
| 中度失眠 | 75(4.00) | 29(9.29) | ||
| 重度失眠 | 33(1.76) | 41(13.14) | ||
| 社会支持 | -7.431a | <0.001 | ||
| 高水平 | 1 639(87.32) | 225(72.12) | ||
| 中等水平 | 206(10.97) | 51(16.34) | ||
| 低水平 | 32(1.71) | 36(11.54) | ||
| 吸烟情况 | -1.567a | 0.117 | ||
| 从不吸烟 | 1 377(73.36) | 213(68.27) | ||
| 曾经吸烟,现已戒烟 | 197(10.50) | 30(9.62) | ||
| 现在吸烟 | 303(16.14) | 69(22.11) | ||
| 饮酒情况 | -3.694a | <0.001 | ||
| 从不饮酒 | 1 213(64.62) | 166(53.21) | ||
| 只喝过几次 | 394(20.99) | 87(27.88) | ||
| 平均每个月饮酒2~3次 | 102(5.43) | 26(8.33) | ||
| 每个星期至少喝1次 | 168(8.95) | 33(10.58) | ||
| 每天手机使用时长 | 24.018a | <0.001 | ||
| <4 h | 1 202(64.04) | 167(53.53) | ||
| 4~ h | 491(26.16) | 87(27.88) | ||
| 8~ h | 144(7.67) | 47(15.06) | ||
| 12~ h | 40(2.13) | 11(3.53) | ||
| 幸福感 | -4.976a | <0.001 | ||
| 非常幸福 | 577(30.74) | 69(22.12) | ||
| 比较幸福 | 473(25.20) | 64(20.51) | ||
| 一般 | 735(39.16) | 141(45.19) | ||
| 比较不幸福 | 74(3.94) | 29(9.29) | ||
| 非常不幸福 | 18(0.96) | 9(2.89) | ||
| 锻炼身体情况 | -3.403a | 0.001 | ||
| 从不锻炼 | 529(28.18) | 119(38.14) | ||
| 偶尔锻炼 | 835(44.48) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 几乎每天 | 513(27.34) | 68(21.80) | ||
| 养宠物情况 | 7.891 | 0.005 | ||
| 否 | 1 302(69.37) | 241(77.25) | ||
| 是 | 575(30.63) | 71(22.75) | ||
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 11.424 | 0.001 | ||
| 无 | 786(41.88) | 99(31.73) | ||
| 有 | 1 091(58.12) | 213(68.27) | ||
| 每周工作天数 | 412.742 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤5 d | 1 477(78.69) | 69(22.12) | ||
| >5 d | 400(21.31) | 243(77.88) | ||
| BMI分级 | -3.203a | 0.001 | ||
| 偏瘦 | 53(2.82) | 19(6.09) | ||
| 正常 | 658(35.06) | 76(24.36) | ||
| 超重 | 720(38.36) | 125(40.06) | ||
| 肥胖 | 446(23.76) | 92(29.49) | ||
| 肌酐水平 | 4.822 | 0.028 | ||
| <106 μmoI/L | 1 745(92.97) | 279(89.42) | ||
| ≥106 μmoI/L | 132(7.03) | 33(10.58) |
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 抑郁症 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 年龄 | <30岁=1,30~岁=2,40~岁=3,50~岁=4,60~岁=5 |
| 民族 | 汉族=0,少数民族=1 |
| 宗教信仰 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 家庭年收入 | <10 000元=1,10 000~29 999元=2,30 000~79 999元=3,≥80 000元=4 |
| 失眠情况 | 无失眠=0,轻度失眠=1,中度失眠=2,重度失眠=3 |
| 社会支持 | 高水平社会支持=0,中等水平社会支持=1,低水平社会支持=2 |
| 饮酒情况 | 从不饮酒=0,只喝过几次=1,平均每个月饮酒2~3次=2,每个星期至少喝1次=3 |
| 每天手机使用时长 | <4 h=1,4~ h=2,8~ h=3,12~ h=4 |
| 幸福感 | 非常幸福=1,比较幸福=2,一般=3,比较不幸福=4,非常不幸福=5 |
| 锻炼身体情况 | 从不锻炼=1,偶尔锻炼=2,几乎每天=3 |
| 养宠物情况 | 否=0,是=1 |
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 每周工作天数 | ≤5 d=1,>5 d=2 |
| BMI分级 | 偏瘦=0,正常=1,超重=2,肥胖=3 |
| 肌酐水平 | <106 μmoI/L=0,≥106 μmoI/L=1 |
Table 2 Logistic regression analysis variable assignment table
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 抑郁症 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 年龄 | <30岁=1,30~岁=2,40~岁=3,50~岁=4,60~岁=5 |
| 民族 | 汉族=0,少数民族=1 |
| 宗教信仰 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 家庭年收入 | <10 000元=1,10 000~29 999元=2,30 000~79 999元=3,≥80 000元=4 |
| 失眠情况 | 无失眠=0,轻度失眠=1,中度失眠=2,重度失眠=3 |
| 社会支持 | 高水平社会支持=0,中等水平社会支持=1,低水平社会支持=2 |
| 饮酒情况 | 从不饮酒=0,只喝过几次=1,平均每个月饮酒2~3次=2,每个星期至少喝1次=3 |
| 每天手机使用时长 | <4 h=1,4~ h=2,8~ h=3,12~ h=4 |
| 幸福感 | 非常幸福=1,比较幸福=2,一般=3,比较不幸福=4,非常不幸福=5 |
| 锻炼身体情况 | 从不锻炼=1,偶尔锻炼=2,几乎每天=3 |
| 养宠物情况 | 否=0,是=1 |
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 每周工作天数 | ≤5 d=1,>5 d=2 |
| BMI分级 | 偏瘦=0,正常=1,超重=2,肥胖=3 |
| 肌酐水平 | <106 μmoI/L=0,≥106 μmoI/L=1 |
| 社会支持 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 中等水平社会支持 | 1.803(1.288~2.525) | <0.001 | 1.765(1.252~2.489) | 0.001 | 1.518(1.062~2.170) | 0.015 | 1.535(1.072~2.198) | 0.019 |
| 低水平社会支持 | 8.195(4.990~13.459) | <0.001 | 8.296(4.983~13.811) | <0.001 | 5.232(2.973~9.221) | 0.021 | 4.993(2.823~8.830) | <0.001 |
Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between social support and the risk of depression
| 社会支持 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 中等水平社会支持 | 1.803(1.288~2.525) | <0.001 | 1.765(1.252~2.489) | 0.001 | 1.518(1.062~2.170) | 0.015 | 1.535(1.072~2.198) | 0.019 |
| 低水平社会支持 | 8.195(4.990~13.459) | <0.001 | 8.296(4.983~13.811) | <0.001 | 5.232(2.973~9.221) | 0.021 | 4.993(2.823~8.830) | <0.001 |
| 变量 | 容差 | 方差膨胀因子(VIF) |
|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.569 | 1.758 |
| 年龄 | 0.816 | 1.225 |
| 民族 | 0.989 | 1.011 |
| 宗教信仰 | 0.976 | 1.025 |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.773 | 1.293 |
| 文化程度 | 0.938 | 1.066 |
| 家庭年收入 | 0.944 | 1.060 |
| 失眠情况 | 0.815 | 1.226 |
| 社会支持 | 0.809 | 1.236 |
| 吸烟情况 | 0.711 | 1.407 |
| 饮酒情况 | 0.962 | 1.040 |
| 每天手机使用时长 | 0.870 | 1.149 |
| 幸福感 | 0.887 | 1.128 |
| 锻炼身体情况 | 0.968 | 1.033 |
| 养宠物情况 | 0.895 | 1.117 |
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 0.965 | 1.037 |
| 每周工作天数 | 0.902 | 1.109 |
| BMI分级 | 0.991 | 1.009 |
| 肌酐水平 | 0.982 | 1.019 |
Table 4 Multicollinearity diagnosis
| 变量 | 容差 | 方差膨胀因子(VIF) |
|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.569 | 1.758 |
| 年龄 | 0.816 | 1.225 |
| 民族 | 0.989 | 1.011 |
| 宗教信仰 | 0.976 | 1.025 |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.773 | 1.293 |
| 文化程度 | 0.938 | 1.066 |
| 家庭年收入 | 0.944 | 1.060 |
| 失眠情况 | 0.815 | 1.226 |
| 社会支持 | 0.809 | 1.236 |
| 吸烟情况 | 0.711 | 1.407 |
| 饮酒情况 | 0.962 | 1.040 |
| 每天手机使用时长 | 0.870 | 1.149 |
| 幸福感 | 0.887 | 1.128 |
| 锻炼身体情况 | 0.968 | 1.033 |
| 养宠物情况 | 0.895 | 1.117 |
| COVID-19阳性情况 | 0.965 | 1.037 |
| 每周工作天数 | 0.902 | 1.109 |
| BMI分级 | 0.991 | 1.009 |
| 肌酐水平 | 0.982 | 1.019 |
| 变量 | 系数 |
|---|---|
| 社会支持 | 1.082 |
| 失眠情况 | 0.481 |
| 家庭年收入 | 0.456 |
| 幸福感 | 0.204 |
| 每周工作天数 | 0.003 |
Table 5 Importance coefficients of Lasso regression variables
| 变量 | 系数 |
|---|---|
| 社会支持 | 1.082 |
| 失眠情况 | 0.481 |
| 家庭年收入 | 0.456 |
| 幸福感 | 0.204 |
| 每周工作天数 | 0.003 |
| 亚组 | 中等水平社会支持 | 低水平社会支持 | P 交互值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 性别 | 0.016 | ||||
| 男 | 2.446(1.305~4.408) | 0.003 | 3.612(2.171~5.952) | <0.005 | |
| 女 | 1.634(1.070~2.438) | 0.019 | 2.961(1.736~4.910) | <0.005 | |
| 年龄 | 0.858 | ||||
| <30岁 | 2.315(1.052~5.164) | 0.037 | 3.095(1.277~7.533) | 0.012 | |
| 30~岁 | 2.691(1.108~6.477) | 0.027 | 3.319(1.091~8.759) | 0.029 | |
| 40~岁 | 2.730(1.107~7.061) | 0.031 | 2.881(1.097~7.845) | 0.033 | |
| 50~岁 | 2.511(1.368~4.605) | 0.002 | 3.154(1.434~6.683) | 0.003 | |
| 60~岁 | 1.847(1.151~2.904) | 0.008 | 4.975(1.604~9.809) | 0.002 | |
| 幸福感 | <0.005 | ||||
| 非常幸福 | 2.004(1.142~3.402) | 0.012 | 3.839(1.461~10.207) | 0.006 | |
| 比较幸福 | 2.200(1.069~4.308) | 0.025 | 3.577(1.111~10.457) | 0.024 | |
| 一般 | 1.960(1.129~3.292) | 0.013 | 3.109(1.191~8.188) | 0.020 | |
| 比较不幸福 | 3.283(1.013~10.411) | 0.001 | 3.438(1.206~9.741) | 0.019 | |
| 非常不幸福 | 2.530(1.021~6.256) | 0.043 | 2.807(1.006~7.755) | 0.043 | |
Table 6 Subgroup analysis of the impact of social support level on depression
| 亚组 | 中等水平社会支持 | 低水平社会支持 | P 交互值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 性别 | 0.016 | ||||
| 男 | 2.446(1.305~4.408) | 0.003 | 3.612(2.171~5.952) | <0.005 | |
| 女 | 1.634(1.070~2.438) | 0.019 | 2.961(1.736~4.910) | <0.005 | |
| 年龄 | 0.858 | ||||
| <30岁 | 2.315(1.052~5.164) | 0.037 | 3.095(1.277~7.533) | 0.012 | |
| 30~岁 | 2.691(1.108~6.477) | 0.027 | 3.319(1.091~8.759) | 0.029 | |
| 40~岁 | 2.730(1.107~7.061) | 0.031 | 2.881(1.097~7.845) | 0.033 | |
| 50~岁 | 2.511(1.368~4.605) | 0.002 | 3.154(1.434~6.683) | 0.003 | |
| 60~岁 | 1.847(1.151~2.904) | 0.008 | 4.975(1.604~9.809) | 0.002 | |
| 幸福感 | <0.005 | ||||
| 非常幸福 | 2.004(1.142~3.402) | 0.012 | 3.839(1.461~10.207) | 0.006 | |
| 比较幸福 | 2.200(1.069~4.308) | 0.025 | 3.577(1.111~10.457) | 0.024 | |
| 一般 | 1.960(1.129~3.292) | 0.013 | 3.109(1.191~8.188) | 0.020 | |
| 比较不幸福 | 3.283(1.013~10.411) | 0.001 | 3.438(1.206~9.741) | 0.019 | |
| 非常不幸福 | 2.530(1.021~6.256) | 0.043 | 2.807(1.006~7.755) | 0.043 | |
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