
Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 1823-1830.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0569
Special Issue: 儿科最新文章合辑; 心理健康最新文章合辑; 美国预防临床服务指南解读系列; 指南/共识最新文章合辑
• Guidelines·Consensus·Interpretation • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-12-04
Revised:2025-01-22
Published:2025-05-20
Online:2025-03-21
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LI Hua
通讯作者:
李华
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0569
| 人群 | 推荐 | 等级(级) |
|---|---|---|
| 青少年(12~18岁) | USPSTF推荐对12~18岁的青少年进行MDD筛查 | B |
| 儿童(≤11岁) | USPSTF认为现有证据不足以评估11岁及以下儿童MDD筛查的利弊 | Ⅰ |
| 儿童和青少年 | USPSTF认为现有证据不足以评估儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的利弊 | Ⅰ |
Table 1 Summary of USPSTF recommendation statements
| 人群 | 推荐 | 等级(级) |
|---|---|---|
| 青少年(12~18岁) | USPSTF推荐对12~18岁的青少年进行MDD筛查 | B |
| 儿童(≤11岁) | USPSTF认为现有证据不足以评估11岁及以下儿童MDD筛查的利弊 | Ⅰ |
| 儿童和青少年 | USPSTF认为现有证据不足以评估儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的利弊 | Ⅰ |
| 基本原理 | 儿童(≤11岁) | 青少年(12~18岁) |
|---|---|---|
| 检测 | 在初级保健中,关于11岁及以下儿童MDD筛查工具的证据不足 | 充分证据表明,MDD筛查工具可以准确识别初级保健中12~18岁青少年的MDD |
| 早发现和早干预的益处 | 关于在初级保健中对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查健康结果获益的直接证据不足;关于对筛查出患有MDD的儿童进行治疗的益处的证据不足 | 关于在初级保健中对青少年进行MDD筛查健康结果获益的直接证据不足;充分证据表明,通过青少年筛查检测到的MDD治疗与中等净收益相关(例如,抑郁症状或反应得到改善);充分证据表明,筛查和早期治疗青少年MDD与改善疗效之间存在联系 |
| 早发现和早干预的危害 | 关于对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查或治疗的危害的证据不足 | 没有直接证据表明筛查对青少年MDD的危害;充分的证据表明筛查和心理治疗的危害程度很小,基于使用筛查工具的危害性小,证据的有限性以及心理治疗干预措施的非侵入性(当直接证据有限、缺乏或仅限于特定人群或临床情况时,USPSTF可能会对获益或危害的程度设定概念性的上限或下限) |
| USPSTF评估 | 对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查的益处和危害尚不确定,无法推断筛查的利弊平衡 | 在12~18岁的青少年中进行MDD筛查具有中等净收益,把握度中等 |
Table 2 Summary of USPSTF rationale(screening for MDD)
| 基本原理 | 儿童(≤11岁) | 青少年(12~18岁) |
|---|---|---|
| 检测 | 在初级保健中,关于11岁及以下儿童MDD筛查工具的证据不足 | 充分证据表明,MDD筛查工具可以准确识别初级保健中12~18岁青少年的MDD |
| 早发现和早干预的益处 | 关于在初级保健中对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查健康结果获益的直接证据不足;关于对筛查出患有MDD的儿童进行治疗的益处的证据不足 | 关于在初级保健中对青少年进行MDD筛查健康结果获益的直接证据不足;充分证据表明,通过青少年筛查检测到的MDD治疗与中等净收益相关(例如,抑郁症状或反应得到改善);充分证据表明,筛查和早期治疗青少年MDD与改善疗效之间存在联系 |
| 早发现和早干预的危害 | 关于对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查或治疗的危害的证据不足 | 没有直接证据表明筛查对青少年MDD的危害;充分的证据表明筛查和心理治疗的危害程度很小,基于使用筛查工具的危害性小,证据的有限性以及心理治疗干预措施的非侵入性(当直接证据有限、缺乏或仅限于特定人群或临床情况时,USPSTF可能会对获益或危害的程度设定概念性的上限或下限) |
| USPSTF评估 | 对11岁及以下儿童进行MDD筛查的益处和危害尚不确定,无法推断筛查的利弊平衡 | 在12~18岁的青少年中进行MDD筛查具有中等净收益,把握度中等 |
| 基本原理 | 儿童和青少年 |
|---|---|
| 检测 | 由于缺乏研究,关于儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的准确性的证据不足 |
| 早发现和早干预的益处 | 关于自杀风险筛查对接受筛查者与未接受筛查者的健康结局获益,尚没有研究报告;关于自杀风险干预(即心理治疗、药物治疗或协作护理)对改善儿童和青少年健康结局有效性的证据不足。证据有限,研究结果也不一致 |
| 早发现和早干预的危害 | 由于缺乏研究,没有充足的证据评估儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的潜在危害;由于缺乏研究,没有充足的证据评估心理治疗、药物治疗或协作护理治疗对儿童和青少年自杀风险干预的潜在危害 |
| USPSTF评估 | 对儿童和青少年进行自杀风险筛查的获益和危害无法确定,无法评估利弊 |
Table 3 Summary of USPSTF rationale(screening for suicide risk)
| 基本原理 | 儿童和青少年 |
|---|---|
| 检测 | 由于缺乏研究,关于儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的准确性的证据不足 |
| 早发现和早干预的益处 | 关于自杀风险筛查对接受筛查者与未接受筛查者的健康结局获益,尚没有研究报告;关于自杀风险干预(即心理治疗、药物治疗或协作护理)对改善儿童和青少年健康结局有效性的证据不足。证据有限,研究结果也不一致 |
| 早发现和早干预的危害 | 由于缺乏研究,没有充足的证据评估儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的潜在危害;由于缺乏研究,没有充足的证据评估心理治疗、药物治疗或协作护理治疗对儿童和青少年自杀风险干预的潜在危害 |
| USPSTF评估 | 对儿童和青少年进行自杀风险筛查的获益和危害无法确定,无法评估利弊 |
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