In 2022, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a recommendation statement on Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement in JAMA with an updated evidence report and results of a systematic evaluation (USPSTF statement). The statement suggested screening for major depressive disorder in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. However, the evidence regarding the risks and benefits of suicide screening for children and adolescents is insufficient, making it challenging to determine its overall impact. This article interprets the content of the USPSTF statement in the context of the national and international literature, including the concepts of major depressive disorder and suicidal behaviours, risk factors, early screening tools, pros and cons of early screening, treatment and interventions, and the value of the USPSTF statement in guiding primary care providers. Intending to serve as a reference for clinical healthcare professionals involved in the screening of children and adolescents for depression and suicide risk.

美国预防临床服务指南工作组（USPSTF）于2022年在JAMA发布了《儿童和青少年抑郁症和自杀风险筛查推荐声明》（以下简称USPSTF声明），并发布了最新证据报告和系统评价结果，建议对12~18岁的青少年进行抑郁症筛查。但由于缺乏足够的证据，USPSTF声明目前无法确定儿童和青少年自杀风险筛查的利弊。本文结合国内外文献对USPSTF声明的内容进行解读，从抑郁症和自杀行为的概念、危险因素、筛查工具、早期筛查的利弊、治疗和干预及USPSTF声明对初级保健医护人员的指导价值等方面进行概述，旨在为医护人员对儿童和青少年抑郁症和自杀风险筛查的临床实践提供参考。