Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as a chronic metabolic disorder, represents a significant health threat to middle-aged and elderly populations in China and is a major risk factor for osteosarcopenia. The presence of osteosarcopenia can markedly impact the health status and quality of life of individuals with T2DM. A comprehensive examination of the epidemiological characteristics of osteosarcopenia holds substantial significance in guiding the prevention and management of osteosarcopenia among T2DM patients in China.

To conduct a systematic evaluation of the prevalence of osteosarcopeniain patients with T2DM in China.

A comprehensive search was conducted for studies on the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in Chinese patients with T2DM across multiple databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Embase. The search period extended from the establishment of these databases to June 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracting relevant information such as the first author, publication year, survey period, geographical region, osteosarcopenia prevalence, diagnostic criteria, assessment tools and quality evaluation information. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the AHRQ tool. Data were analyzed using Stata 15.0.

A total of 18 cross-sectional studies were included, involving 3 724 T2DM patients, of whom 623 were diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of osteosarcopenia in Chinese T2DM patients was 21% (95%CI=15%-26%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence after 2020 (25%) was higher than that before 2020 (19%) ; the prevalence in the elderly group (27%) was higher than in the middle-aged group (13%) ; the prevalence using the AWGS diagnostic criteria (23%) was higher than with the AWGS2 criteria (14%) ; the detection rate by BIA (22%) was higher than by DXA (17%) ; males (38%) had a higher prevalence than females (36%) ; the prevalence in patients with a T2DM duration of ≤10years (25%) was higher than in those with a duration > 10 years (20%) ; the prevalence in the western region (27%) was higher than in the central (18%) and eastern regions (16%) (P<0.05). Meta-regression analysis revealed no statistically significant results (P>0.05), and no significant sources of heterogeneity were identified.

Existing evidence suggests a relatively high prevalence of osteosarcopenia among patients with T2DM in China, with significant disparities observed across factors such as survey period, age groups, diagnostic criteria, assessment tools, gender, duration of T2DM, and regional differences. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance early screening and intervention strategies for high-risk populations, in order to effectively prevent and mitigate the progression of the disease.

2型糖尿病（T2DM）作为一种严重威胁我国中老年人健康的慢性代谢性疾病，是肌少-骨质疏松症（OS）的关键危险因素，OS可显著影响T2DM患者的健康状况和生存质量，深入研究OS的流行病学特征，对我国T2DM患者OS的预防与管理具有重要的指导意义。

系统评价我国T2DM患者OS的患病率。

检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Embase数据库中有关中国T2DM患者OS患病率的研究，检索时限自建库至2024年6月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献，提取信息包括第一作者、发表年份、调查时间、地区；OS患病率；诊断标准、测评工具；文献质量评价信息等；利用美国卫生保健治疗和研究机构（AHRQ）评估文章质量。使用Stata15.0软件对OS的患病率进行分析。

共纳入18项横断面研究，包含T2DM患者3 724例，其中OS患者623例。Meta分析显示：我国T2DM患者OS的患病率为21%（95%CI=15%~26%）。亚组分析显示：2020年及以后的患病率（25%）高于2020年前（19%）；老年组患病率（27%）高于中老年组（13%）；以2014年亚洲肌少症工作组（AWGS）为诊断标准的患病率（23%）高于2019年亚洲肌少症工作组（AWGS2）（14%）；生物电阻抗测量分析（BIA）检出率（22%）高于双能X线吸收测量仪（DXA）（17%）；男性患病率（38%）高于女性（36%）；平均T2DM病程≤10年的患病率（25%）高于病程>10年（20%）；西部地区（27%）高于中部地区（18%）、东部地区（16%）（P<0.05）。Meta回归显示结果均无统计学意义（P>0.05），未发现异质性来源。

现有证据显示，我国T2DM患者OS的患病率较高，且在不同的调查时间、年龄段、诊断标准、评估工具、性别、T2DM病程及地区之间存在显著差异。因此应加强高危人群的早期筛查和干预管理，以期有效预防和延缓疾病进展。