
Chinese General Practice ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (01): 45-50.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0383
Special Issue: 老年问题最新文章合辑; 老年人群健康最新文章合辑
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2023-07-12
Revised:2023-08-17
Published:2024-01-05
Online:2023-10-23
Contact:
LI Hongyu
通讯作者:
李宏宇
作者简介:基金资助:
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0383
| 特征 | 例数 | 听力正常组(n=9 013) | 听力损伤组(n=6 148) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 2 197.03 | <0.001 | |||
| 65~79岁 | 5 149 | 4 403(48.85) | 746(12.13) | ||
| ≥80岁 | 10 012 | 4 610(51.15) | 5 402(87.87) | ||
| 性别 | 36.63 | <0.001 | |||
| 男 | 6 610 | 4 111(45.61) | 2 499(40.65) | ||
| 女 | 8 551 | 4 902(54.39) | 3 649(59.35) | ||
| 民族a | 8.66 | 0.003 | |||
| 汉族 | 12 354 | 7 262(93.63) | 5 092(94.86) | ||
| 非汉族 | 770 | 494(6.37) | 276(5.14) | ||
| 同住情况a | 4.82 | 0.028 | |||
| 独居 | 12 043 | 7 155(96.77) | 4 888(97.45) | ||
| 与他人合住 | 367 | 239(3.23) | 128(2.55) | ||
| 居住地 | 1.54 | 0.214 | |||
| 城镇 | 6 756 | 3 979(44.15) | 2 777(45.17) | ||
| 农村 | 8 405 | 5 034(55.85) | 3 371(54.83) | ||
| 婚姻状况a | 1 164.03 | <0.001 | |||
| 已婚 | 9 133 | 4 436(49.63) | 4 697(77.32) | ||
| 未婚/离异/丧偶 | 5 881 | 4 503(50.37) | 1 378(22.68) | ||
| 有足够日常收入a | |||||
| 是 | 12 903 | 7 738(86.45) | 5 165(84.73) | ||
| 否 | 2 144 | 1 213(13.55) | 9 31(15.27) | ||
| 受教育程度a | 772.98 | <0.001 | |||
| 0年 | 6 546 | 3 122(40.70) | 3 424(64.26) | ||
| 1~6年 | 2 879 | 1 860(24.25) | 1 019(19.13) | ||
| ≥7年 | 3 574 | 2 689(35.05) | 885(16.61) | ||
| 吸烟a | 28.70 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不吸烟 | 10 501 | 6 125(69.71) | 4 376(73.30) | ||
| 现在吸烟 | 2 158 | 1 390(15.82) | 768(12.86) | ||
| 曾经吸烟 | 2 098 | 1 272(14.48) | 826(13.84) | ||
| 饮酒a | 64.85 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不饮酒 | 10 999 | 6 389(73.73) | 4 610(78.33) | ||
| 现在饮酒 | 2 049 | 1 385(15.98) | 664(11.28) | ||
| 曾经饮酒 | 1 502 | 891(10.28) | 611(10.38) | ||
| 锻炼a | 363.06 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不锻炼 | 9 216 | 5 101(58.46) | 4 115(70.35) | ||
| 现在锻炼 | 4 348 | 3 113(35.67) | 1 235(21.11) | ||
| 曾经锻炼 | 1 011 | 512(5.87) | 499(8.53) | ||
| 水果摄入a | 58.48 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 8 299 | 4 703(52.33) | 3 596(58.63) | ||
| 不经常 | 6 821 | 4 284(47.67) | 2 537(41.37) | ||
| 蔬菜摄入a | 229.19 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 1 784 | 766(8.51) | 1 018(16.60) | ||
| 不经常 | 13 346 | 8 231(91.49) | 5 115(83.40) | ||
| 肉类摄入a | 90.06 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 3 456 | 1 813(20.36) | 1 643(27.01) | ||
| 不经常 | 11 529 | 7 090(79.64) | 4 439(72.99) | ||
| 坚果摄入a | 96.66 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 12 271 | 7 060(79.50) | 5 211(85.78) | ||
| 不经常 | 2 685 | 1 821(20.50) | 864(14.22) | ||
| ADLa | 1 653.97 | <0.001 | |||
| 正常 | 11 058 | 7 663(85.12) | 3 395(55.24) | ||
| 受损 | 4 091 | 1 340(14.88) | 2 751(44.76) | ||
| 自评健康状况a | 33.18 | <0.001 | |||
| 好/很好 | 6 529 | 4 310(48.86) | 2 219(43.79) | ||
| 差 | 7 359 | 4 511(51.14) | 2 848(56.21) | ||
| 高血压a | 56.13 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 9 165 | 5 676(63.02) | 3 489(56.95) | ||
| 无 | 5 968 | 3 331(36.98) | 2 637(43.05) | ||
| 糖尿病a | 51.94 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 1 174 | 818(9.87) | 356(6.39) | ||
| 无 | 12 678 | 7 467(90.13) | 5 211(93.61) | ||
| 抑郁a | 5.48 | 0.019 | |||
| 有 | 7 328 | 4 672(52.95) | 2 656(50.91) | ||
| 无 | 6 712 | 4 151(47.05) | 2 561(49.09) | ||
| 认知功能障碍a | 1 640.66 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 8 846 | 6 688(85.25) | 2 158(51.05) | ||
| 无 | 3 226 | 1 157(14.75) | 2 069(48.95) | ||
| BMIa | 384.88 | <0.001 | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 7 312 | 4438(51.22) | 2 874(52.09) | ||
| 18.5~23.9 kg/m2 | 2 501 | 1 158(13.36) | 1 343(24.34) | ||
| 24.0~27.9 kg/m2 | 3 299 | 2 311(26.67) | 988(17.91) | ||
| ≥28.0 kg/m2 | 1 070 | 758(8.75) | 312(5.66) | ||
| 义齿使用情况 | 48.53 | <0.001 | |||
| 是 | 5 724 | 3 607(40.02) | 2 117(34.43) | ||
| 否 | 9 437 | 5 406(59.98) | 4 031(65.57) | ||
| 牙齿数量 | 1 265.93 | <0.001 | |||
| ≥20颗 | 3 655 | 2 927(32.48) | 728(11.84) | ||
| 10~19颗 | 2 355 | 1 631(18.10) | 724(11.78) | ||
| 1~9颗 | 4 008 | 2 168(24.05) | 1 840(29.93) | ||
| 0颗 | 5 143 | 2 287(25.37) | 2 856(46.45) |
Table 1 Comparison of basic characteristics of older adults aged 65 years and above between the normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups
| 特征 | 例数 | 听力正常组(n=9 013) | 听力损伤组(n=6 148) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 2 197.03 | <0.001 | |||
| 65~79岁 | 5 149 | 4 403(48.85) | 746(12.13) | ||
| ≥80岁 | 10 012 | 4 610(51.15) | 5 402(87.87) | ||
| 性别 | 36.63 | <0.001 | |||
| 男 | 6 610 | 4 111(45.61) | 2 499(40.65) | ||
| 女 | 8 551 | 4 902(54.39) | 3 649(59.35) | ||
| 民族a | 8.66 | 0.003 | |||
| 汉族 | 12 354 | 7 262(93.63) | 5 092(94.86) | ||
| 非汉族 | 770 | 494(6.37) | 276(5.14) | ||
| 同住情况a | 4.82 | 0.028 | |||
| 独居 | 12 043 | 7 155(96.77) | 4 888(97.45) | ||
| 与他人合住 | 367 | 239(3.23) | 128(2.55) | ||
| 居住地 | 1.54 | 0.214 | |||
| 城镇 | 6 756 | 3 979(44.15) | 2 777(45.17) | ||
| 农村 | 8 405 | 5 034(55.85) | 3 371(54.83) | ||
| 婚姻状况a | 1 164.03 | <0.001 | |||
| 已婚 | 9 133 | 4 436(49.63) | 4 697(77.32) | ||
| 未婚/离异/丧偶 | 5 881 | 4 503(50.37) | 1 378(22.68) | ||
| 有足够日常收入a | |||||
| 是 | 12 903 | 7 738(86.45) | 5 165(84.73) | ||
| 否 | 2 144 | 1 213(13.55) | 9 31(15.27) | ||
| 受教育程度a | 772.98 | <0.001 | |||
| 0年 | 6 546 | 3 122(40.70) | 3 424(64.26) | ||
| 1~6年 | 2 879 | 1 860(24.25) | 1 019(19.13) | ||
| ≥7年 | 3 574 | 2 689(35.05) | 885(16.61) | ||
| 吸烟a | 28.70 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不吸烟 | 10 501 | 6 125(69.71) | 4 376(73.30) | ||
| 现在吸烟 | 2 158 | 1 390(15.82) | 768(12.86) | ||
| 曾经吸烟 | 2 098 | 1 272(14.48) | 826(13.84) | ||
| 饮酒a | 64.85 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不饮酒 | 10 999 | 6 389(73.73) | 4 610(78.33) | ||
| 现在饮酒 | 2 049 | 1 385(15.98) | 664(11.28) | ||
| 曾经饮酒 | 1 502 | 891(10.28) | 611(10.38) | ||
| 锻炼a | 363.06 | <0.001 | |||
| 从不锻炼 | 9 216 | 5 101(58.46) | 4 115(70.35) | ||
| 现在锻炼 | 4 348 | 3 113(35.67) | 1 235(21.11) | ||
| 曾经锻炼 | 1 011 | 512(5.87) | 499(8.53) | ||
| 水果摄入a | 58.48 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 8 299 | 4 703(52.33) | 3 596(58.63) | ||
| 不经常 | 6 821 | 4 284(47.67) | 2 537(41.37) | ||
| 蔬菜摄入a | 229.19 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 1 784 | 766(8.51) | 1 018(16.60) | ||
| 不经常 | 13 346 | 8 231(91.49) | 5 115(83.40) | ||
| 肉类摄入a | 90.06 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 3 456 | 1 813(20.36) | 1 643(27.01) | ||
| 不经常 | 11 529 | 7 090(79.64) | 4 439(72.99) | ||
| 坚果摄入a | 96.66 | <0.001 | |||
| 经常 | 12 271 | 7 060(79.50) | 5 211(85.78) | ||
| 不经常 | 2 685 | 1 821(20.50) | 864(14.22) | ||
| ADLa | 1 653.97 | <0.001 | |||
| 正常 | 11 058 | 7 663(85.12) | 3 395(55.24) | ||
| 受损 | 4 091 | 1 340(14.88) | 2 751(44.76) | ||
| 自评健康状况a | 33.18 | <0.001 | |||
| 好/很好 | 6 529 | 4 310(48.86) | 2 219(43.79) | ||
| 差 | 7 359 | 4 511(51.14) | 2 848(56.21) | ||
| 高血压a | 56.13 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 9 165 | 5 676(63.02) | 3 489(56.95) | ||
| 无 | 5 968 | 3 331(36.98) | 2 637(43.05) | ||
| 糖尿病a | 51.94 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 1 174 | 818(9.87) | 356(6.39) | ||
| 无 | 12 678 | 7 467(90.13) | 5 211(93.61) | ||
| 抑郁a | 5.48 | 0.019 | |||
| 有 | 7 328 | 4 672(52.95) | 2 656(50.91) | ||
| 无 | 6 712 | 4 151(47.05) | 2 561(49.09) | ||
| 认知功能障碍a | 1 640.66 | <0.001 | |||
| 有 | 8 846 | 6 688(85.25) | 2 158(51.05) | ||
| 无 | 3 226 | 1 157(14.75) | 2 069(48.95) | ||
| BMIa | 384.88 | <0.001 | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 7 312 | 4438(51.22) | 2 874(52.09) | ||
| 18.5~23.9 kg/m2 | 2 501 | 1 158(13.36) | 1 343(24.34) | ||
| 24.0~27.9 kg/m2 | 3 299 | 2 311(26.67) | 988(17.91) | ||
| ≥28.0 kg/m2 | 1 070 | 758(8.75) | 312(5.66) | ||
| 义齿使用情况 | 48.53 | <0.001 | |||
| 是 | 5 724 | 3 607(40.02) | 2 117(34.43) | ||
| 否 | 9 437 | 5 406(59.98) | 4 031(65.57) | ||
| 牙齿数量 | 1 265.93 | <0.001 | |||
| ≥20颗 | 3 655 | 2 927(32.48) | 728(11.84) | ||
| 10~19颗 | 2 355 | 1 631(18.10) | 724(11.78) | ||
| 1~9颗 | 4 008 | 2 168(24.05) | 1 840(29.93) | ||
| 0颗 | 5 143 | 2 287(25.37) | 2 856(46.45) |
| 特征 | 例数 | 牙齿数量 | χ2值 | P值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥20颗 | 10~19颗 | 1~9颗 | 0颗 | ||||
| 年龄 | 2 990.38 | <0.001 | |||||
| 65~79岁 | 5 149 | 2 452(47.62) | 1 034(20.08) | 931(18.08) | 732(14.22) | ||
| ≥80岁 | 10 012 | 1 203(12.02) | 1 321(13.19) | 3 077(30.73) | 4 411(44.06) | ||
| 性别 | 281.68 | <0.001 | |||||
| 男 | 6 610 | 1 948(29.47) | 1 148(17.37) | 1 633(24.70) | 1 881(28.46) | ||
| 女 | 8 551 | 1 707(19.96) | 1 207(14.12) | 2 375(27.77) | 3 262(38.15) | ||
| ADL | 1 212.64 | <0.001 | |||||
| 正常 | 11 058 | 3 292(29.77) | 1 942(17.56) | 2 817(25.47) | 3 007(27.19) | ||
| 受损 | 4 091 | 361(8.82) | 412(10.07) | 1 185(28.97) | 2 133(52.14) | ||
| 义齿使用情况 | 1 097.73 | <0.001 | |||||
| 是 | 5 724 | 801(13.99) | 782(13.66) | 1 316(22.99) | 2 825(49.35) | ||
| 否 | 9 437 | 2 854(30.24) | 1 573(16.67) | 2 692(28.53) | 2 318(24.56) | ||
Table 2 Comparison of teeth number in older adults aged 65 years and above with different characteristics in China
| 特征 | 例数 | 牙齿数量 | χ2值 | P值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥20颗 | 10~19颗 | 1~9颗 | 0颗 | ||||
| 年龄 | 2 990.38 | <0.001 | |||||
| 65~79岁 | 5 149 | 2 452(47.62) | 1 034(20.08) | 931(18.08) | 732(14.22) | ||
| ≥80岁 | 10 012 | 1 203(12.02) | 1 321(13.19) | 3 077(30.73) | 4 411(44.06) | ||
| 性别 | 281.68 | <0.001 | |||||
| 男 | 6 610 | 1 948(29.47) | 1 148(17.37) | 1 633(24.70) | 1 881(28.46) | ||
| 女 | 8 551 | 1 707(19.96) | 1 207(14.12) | 2 375(27.77) | 3 262(38.15) | ||
| ADL | 1 212.64 | <0.001 | |||||
| 正常 | 11 058 | 3 292(29.77) | 1 942(17.56) | 2 817(25.47) | 3 007(27.19) | ||
| 受损 | 4 091 | 361(8.82) | 412(10.07) | 1 185(28.97) | 2 133(52.14) | ||
| 义齿使用情况 | 1 097.73 | <0.001 | |||||
| 是 | 5 724 | 801(13.99) | 782(13.66) | 1 316(22.99) | 2 825(49.35) | ||
| 否 | 9 437 | 2 854(30.24) | 1 573(16.67) | 2 692(28.53) | 2 318(24.56) | ||
| 分析模型 | 自变量 | b | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型1 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.243 | 0.065 | 13.874 | <0.001 | 1.28(1.12~1.45) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.638 | 0.057 | 125.736 | <0.001 | 1.89(1.69~2.12) | |
| 0颗 | 0.915 | 0.055 | 273.729 | <0.001 | 2.50(2.24~2.78) | |
| 模型2 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.214 | 0.087 | 6.019 | 0.014 | 1.24(1.04~1.47) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.451 | 0.078 | 33.687 | <0.001 | 1.57(1.35~1.83) | |
| 0颗 | 0.750 | 0.076 | 98.708 | <0.001 | 2.12(1.83~2.46) | |
| 模型3 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.268 | 0.095 | 7.912 | 0.005 | 1.31(1.08~1.58) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.449 | 0.087 | 26.366 | <0.001 | 1.57(1.32~1.86) | |
| 0颗 | 0.679 | 0.090 | 56.582 | <0.001 | 1.97(1.65~2.36) | |
| 敏感性分析 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.230 | 0.102 | 5.065 | 0.024 | 1.26(1.03~1.54) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.408 | 0.095 | 18.432 | <0.001 | 1.50(1.25~1.81) | |
| 0颗 | 0.502 | 0.100 | 25.483 | <0.001 | 1.65(1.36~2.01) | |
Table 3 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the effect of tooth loss on hearing impairment in Chinese older adults aged 65 years and above
| 分析模型 | 自变量 | b | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型1 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.243 | 0.065 | 13.874 | <0.001 | 1.28(1.12~1.45) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.638 | 0.057 | 125.736 | <0.001 | 1.89(1.69~2.12) | |
| 0颗 | 0.915 | 0.055 | 273.729 | <0.001 | 2.50(2.24~2.78) | |
| 模型2 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.214 | 0.087 | 6.019 | 0.014 | 1.24(1.04~1.47) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.451 | 0.078 | 33.687 | <0.001 | 1.57(1.35~1.83) | |
| 0颗 | 0.750 | 0.076 | 98.708 | <0.001 | 2.12(1.83~2.46) | |
| 模型3 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.268 | 0.095 | 7.912 | 0.005 | 1.31(1.08~1.58) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.449 | 0.087 | 26.366 | <0.001 | 1.57(1.32~1.86) | |
| 0颗 | 0.679 | 0.090 | 56.582 | <0.001 | 1.97(1.65~2.36) | |
| 敏感性分析 | 牙齿数量(以≥20颗为参照) | |||||
| 10~19颗 | 0.230 | 0.102 | 5.065 | 0.024 | 1.26(1.03~1.54) | |
| 1~9颗 | 0.408 | 0.095 | 18.432 | <0.001 | 1.50(1.25~1.81) | |
| 0颗 | 0.502 | 0.100 | 25.483 | <0.001 | 1.65(1.36~2.01) | |
| 特征 | 10~19颗 | 1~9颗 | 0颗 | P交互值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 年龄 | 0.006 | ||||||
| 65~79岁 | 1.15(0.86~1.54) | 0.352 | 0.95(0.69~1.31) | 0.752 | 1.19(0.84~1.69) | 0.338 | |
| ≥80岁 | 1.50(1.17~1.93) | 0.001 | 1.97(1.58~2.46) | <0.001 | 2.47(1.98~3.09) | <0.001 | |
| 性别 | 0.920 | ||||||
| 男 | 1.47(1.14~1.88) | 0.003 | 1.79(1.41~2.27) | <0.001 | 2.11(1.64~2.71) | <0.001 | |
| 女 | 1.15(0.87~1.52) | 0.338 | 1.33(1.04~1.71) | 0.024 | 1.74(1.35~2.24) | <0.001 | |
| ADL | 0.677 | ||||||
| 正常 | 1.30(1.05~1.59) | 0.014 | 1.65(1.36~2.00) | <0.001 | 2.04(1.67~2.49) | <0.001 | |
| 失能 | 1.41(0.89~2.24) | 0.148 | 1.40(0.93~2.10) | 0.106 | 1.89(1.26~2.83) | 0.002 | |
| 义齿使用情况 | 0.005 | ||||||
| 是 | 0.93(0.66~1.32) | 0.687 | 0.86(0.63~1.17) | 0.341 | 1.16(0.87~1.55) | 0.309 | |
| 否 | 1.47(1.18~1.83) | 0.001 | 2.02(1.64~2.49) | <0.001 | 2.63(2.09~3.31) | <0.001 | |
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression stratified analysis of the effect of tooth loss on hearing impairment in the older adults aged 65 years and above with different characteristics
| 特征 | 10~19颗 | 1~9颗 | 0颗 | P交互值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 年龄 | 0.006 | ||||||
| 65~79岁 | 1.15(0.86~1.54) | 0.352 | 0.95(0.69~1.31) | 0.752 | 1.19(0.84~1.69) | 0.338 | |
| ≥80岁 | 1.50(1.17~1.93) | 0.001 | 1.97(1.58~2.46) | <0.001 | 2.47(1.98~3.09) | <0.001 | |
| 性别 | 0.920 | ||||||
| 男 | 1.47(1.14~1.88) | 0.003 | 1.79(1.41~2.27) | <0.001 | 2.11(1.64~2.71) | <0.001 | |
| 女 | 1.15(0.87~1.52) | 0.338 | 1.33(1.04~1.71) | 0.024 | 1.74(1.35~2.24) | <0.001 | |
| ADL | 0.677 | ||||||
| 正常 | 1.30(1.05~1.59) | 0.014 | 1.65(1.36~2.00) | <0.001 | 2.04(1.67~2.49) | <0.001 | |
| 失能 | 1.41(0.89~2.24) | 0.148 | 1.40(0.93~2.10) | 0.106 | 1.89(1.26~2.83) | 0.002 | |
| 义齿使用情况 | 0.005 | ||||||
| 是 | 0.93(0.66~1.32) | 0.687 | 0.86(0.63~1.17) | 0.341 | 1.16(0.87~1.55) | 0.309 | |
| 否 | 1.47(1.18~1.83) | 0.001 | 2.02(1.64~2.49) | <0.001 | 2.63(2.09~3.31) | <0.001 | |
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