Comparative Analysis of the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Guidelines Issued by the US NIH in 2021 and the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Plans Issued by China

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.498

Abstract

Abstract: At present，the new coronavirus pneumonia （COVID-19） has swept most countries in the world. At present，there is no specific medicine and targeted treatment methods for it. The medication treatment mainly aimed to suppress the excessive activation of the immune system and support organ after anti-virus treatment. This article compared the treatment methods according to National Institute of Health（NIH） and Chinese recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） infection（Trial 8th version），in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians in the treatment of COVID-19.

Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Guideline, Clinical treatment

摘要： 目前，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19 ）已经覆盖了全球大部分国家。该病目前尚无特效药，也无针对性的治疗方法，在临床上，药物治疗主要针对抗病毒以后，抑制免疫系统的过度激活以及相应的器官支持治疗。本文通过对美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）2021年1月发布的COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines和我国国家卫生健康委员会发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第八版）》治疗方面的比较，提出了COVID-19 临床治疗的选择策略，为临床医生在COVID-19 的治疗上提供理论依据。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 新型冠状病毒, 指南, 临床治疗

LI Shuren,ZHAO Wenjing,LI Jianchao, et al. Comparative Analysis of the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Guidelines Issued by the US NIH in 2021 and the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Plans Issued by China　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(14): 1735-1744. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.498.
李树仁,赵文静,李健超等. 2021年美国NIH发布的新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗指南与中国发布的新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗方案对比分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(14): 1735-1744. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.498.

References

［1］中国国家卫生健康委员会.新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第八版）［J］．中华临床感染病杂志，2020，13（5）：321-328．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2020.05.001.
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.Chinese recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus （SARSCoV2） infection （Trial 8th version）［J］．Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases，2020，13（5）：321-328．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2020.05.001.
［2］COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel.Coronavirus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） Treatment Guidelines.National Institutes of Health［EB/OL］.［2021-02-22］.Available at https：//www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/.
［3］袁凯，肖晓辉.新冠肺炎COVID-19临床治疗的药物选择［J］.基因组学与应用生物学，2020，39（6）：2902-2906．DOI：10.13417/j.gab.039.002902.
YUAN K，XIAO X X.Medication Selection for Clinical Treatment of COVID-19［J］.Genomic and Applied Biology，2020，39（6）：2902-2906．DOI：10.13417/j.gab.039.002902.
［4］WANG Z，CHEN X，LU Y，et al．Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment［J］．Biosci Trends，2020，14（1）：64-68．DOI：10.5582/bst.2020.01030.
［5］CAO B，WANG Y M，WEN D N，et al．A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19［J］．N Engl J Med，2020，382（19）：1787-1799．DOI：10.1056/NEJMoa2001282.
［6］BEIGEL J H，TOMASHEK K M，DODD L E，et al．Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 - final report［J］．N Engl J Med，2020，383（19）：1813-1826．DOI：10.1056/NEJMoa2007764.
［7］WANG Y M，ZHANG D Y，DU G H，et al．Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19：a randomised，double-blind，placebo-controlled，multicentre trial［J］．Lancet，2020，395（10236）：1569-1578．DOI：10.1016/S0140-6736（20）31022-9.
［8］JOYNER M J，SENEFELD J W，KLASSEN S A，et al．Effect of convalescent plasma on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19：initial three-month experience［J］．MedRxiv，2020．DOI：10.1101/2020.08.12.20169359.
［9］刘鉴峰，刘金剑，褚丽萍，等．雾化吸入干扰素α1b在兔体内的分布及代谢途径［J］．医药导报，2013，32（1）：1-5．DOI：10.3870/yydb.2013.01.001.
（下转第1763页）
LIU J F，LIU J J，CHU L P，et al．Biodistribution and metabolic pathway of interferon-α1b administered by aerosol inhalation in rabbits［J］．Herald of Medicine，2013，32（1）：1-5．DOI：10.3870/yydb.2013.01.001.
［10］MOMATTIN H，MOHAMMED K，ZUMLA A，et al．Therapeutic options for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus （MERS-CoV）——possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy［J］．Int J Infect Dis，2013，17（10）：e792-798．DOI：10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.002.
［11］ZHOU Q，CHEN V，SHANNON C P，et al．Interferon-α2b treatment for COVID-19［J］．Front Immunol，2020，11：1061．DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2020.01061.
［12］HUNG I F，LUNG K C，TSO E Y，et al．Triple combination of interferon beta-1b，lopinavir-ritonavir，and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19：an open-label，randomised，phase 2 trial［J］．Lancet，2020，395（10238）：1695-1704．DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736（20）31042-4.
［13］SCIASCIA S，APRà F，BAFFA A，et al．Pilot prospective open，single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19［J］．Clin Exp Rheumatol，2020，38（3）：529-532.
［14］XU X L，HAN M F，LI T T，et al．Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab［J］．Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，2020，117（20）：10970-10975．DOI：10.1073/pnas.2005615117.
［15］MORENA V，MILAZZO L，ORENI L，et al．Off-label use of tocilizumab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Milan，Italy［J］．Eur J Intern Med，2020，76：36-42．DOI：10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.011.
［16］CAPRA R，DE ROSSI N，MATTIOLI F，et al．Impact of low dose tocilizumab on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia［J］．Eur J Intern Med，2020，76：31-35．DOI：10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.009.
［17］CAMPOCHIARO C，DELLA-TORRE E，CAVALLI G，et al．Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients：a single-centre retrospective cohort study［J］．Eur J Intern Med，2020，76：43-49．DOI：10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.021.
［18］CAVALLI G，DE LUCA G，CAMPOCHIARO C，et al．Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19，acute respiratory distress syndrome，and hyperinflammation：a retrospective cohort study［J］．Lancet Rheumatol，2020，2（6）：e325-331．DOI：10.1016/s2665-9913（20）30127-2.
［19］HUET T，BEAUSSIER H，VOISIN O，et al．Anakinra for severe forms of COVID-19：a cohort study［J］．Lancet Rheumatol，2020，2（7）：e393-400．DOI：10.1016/S2665-9913（20）30164-8.
［20］HORBY P，LIM W S，EMBERSON J R，et al．Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - preliminary report［J］．N Engl J Med，2020．DOI：10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273.
［21］JERONIMO C M P，FARIAS M E L，VAL F F A，et al．Methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 （Metcovid）：a randomised，double-blind，phase Ⅱb，placebo-controlled trial［J］．Clin Infect Dis，2020．DOI：10.1093/cid/ciaa1177
［22］TOMAZINI B M，MAIA I S，CAVALCANTI A B，et al．Effect of dexamethasone on days alive and ventilator-free in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19：the CoDEX randomized clinical trial［J］．JAMA，2020，324（13）：1307-1316．DOI：10.1001/jama.2020.17021.
［23］DEQUIN P F，HEMING N，MEZIANI F，et al．Effect of hydrocortisone on 21-day mortality or respiratory support among critically ill patients with COVID-19：a randomized clinical trial［J］．JAMA，2020，324（13）：1298-1306．DOI：10.1001/jama.2020.16761.
［24］WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies （REACT） Working Group，STERNE J A C，MURTHY S，et al．
Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19：a meta-analysis［J］．JAMA，2020，324（13）：1330-1341．DOI：10.1001/jama.2020.17023.
［25］ALHAZZANI W，M?LLER M H，ARABI Y M，et al．Surviving Sepsis Campaign：guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 （COVID-19）［J］．Intensive Care Med，2020，46（5）：854-887．DOI：10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5.
［26］FRANCO C，FACCIOLONGO N，TONELLI R，et al．Feasibility and clinical impact of out-of-ICU noninvasive respiratory support in patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia［J］．Eur Respir J，2020，56（5）．DOI：10.1183/13993003.02130-2020.
［27］DUAN J，CHEN B，LIU X，et al．Use of high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19：a multicenter observational study［J］．Am J Emerg Med，2020．DOI：10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.071.
［28］WALKEY A J，GOLIGHER E C，DEL SORBO L，et al．Low tidal volume versus non-volume-limited strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．Ann Am Thorac Soc，2017，14（Supplement_4）：S271-279．DOI：10.1513/AnnalsATS.201704-337OT.
［29］YASUDA H，NISHIMURA T，KAMO T，et al．Optimal plateau pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome：a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression［J］．BMJ Open，2017，7（5）：e015091．DOI：10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015091.
［30］ZOU H，LI S.ECMO/CRRT combined support in the treatment of critically ill patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia［J］．Eur Heart J Case Rep，2020，4（FI1）：1-3．DOI：10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa247.
［31］胡哲夫，周晨亮，严娟娟，等．重症单元新型冠状病毒肺炎ECMO综合治疗3例并文献复习［J］．疑难病杂志，2020，19（12）：1205-1208．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1671-6450.2020.12.005.
HU Z F，ZHOU C L，YAN J J，et al．Literature review of three cases of COVID-19 with ECMO in intensive care unit［J］．Chinese Journal of Difficult and Complicated Cases，2020，19（12）：1205-1208．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1671-6450.2020.12.005.

[1]	LU Guangqi, ZHUANG Minghui, ZHU Liguo, GAO Jinghua, WEI Xu, LI Luguang, YU Jie. Interpretation of Best Practices for Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Treatment 2.0 (MIST) : Consensus Guidance from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) in 2022 [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(32): 3995-4000.
[2]	SU Guobin, LING Xitao, DUAN Ruolan, ZHANG La, XU Yuan, PENG Yu, HOU Haijing, LIU Xusheng, LU Fuhua. Selection of Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 Infection in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Medical Evidence [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(26): 3220-3229.
[3]	Nursing Group of Chinese Society of Geriatrics, Committee on Geriatric Nursing of Chinese Association of Geriatric Research, China Gerontological Nursing Alliance, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HU Huixiu, ZHAO Yajie, SUN Chao. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Exercise Interventions for the Prevention of Disability in Older Adults (2023) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(22): 2695-2710.
[4]	WU Jian, YU Chengcheng, YANG Yinmei, XIA Qingyun, LI Quanman, FU Xiaoli. COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Four Regions of China [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(22): 2763-2770.
[5]	ZUO Xu, HUANG Zhaolan, LU Biao. Differences between the First and Another 3-day Blood Pressure Levels and Associated Factors in a Self-reported Non-hypertensive Population Aged 35-64 Years [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(22): 2771-2777.
[6]	HE Mei, LI Hui, MU Lifeng, YANG Ming. Effect of Azovudine on Hepatic and Renal Function in Patients with COVID-19: a Case Series Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(20): 2476-2481.
[7]	ZHANG Zhuoran, YU Changhe, AN Yi, HE Xin, GUO Yi, DENG Jinyan, LI Yue, HAN Deng, PI Shanshan, HE Junzhi, CHEN Yue, YE Yong'an, DU Hongbo. Quality Assessment and Recommendations of Clinical Guidelines and Consensuses on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Comparative Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(20): 2439-2446.
[8]	LIU Jingtao, SU He, QIN Xiaojin, LAN Yunxia, ZHANG Jinzhi. Guidelines on Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: a Systematic Review [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(19): 2323-2331.
[9]	ZHANG Lulu, CHEN Huan, LUO Huan, CHEN Tingting, CHEN Xinyu, GAO Jing. Fear of Cancer Recurrence Assessment Tools Based on COSMIN: a Systematic Review [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(17): 2138-2146.
[10]	WANG Hai, WANG Zhuoli, PEI Honghong, PAN Longfei. Analysis of Risk Factors and Exploration of Predictors of Serious Cases of COVID-19 in Xi'an during the Period of 2021-2022 [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(17): 2132-2137.
[11]	China Gerontological Nursing Alliance, Xiang Ya Nursing School Central South University (Xiangya Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute of Central South University), Xiangya Hospital Central South University (National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders), Beijing Hospital (National Center for Gerontology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders), LI Mengqi, WU Lina, NING Hongting, FENG Hui. Clinical Practice Guideline for Non-pharmacological Interventions for Malnourished Elderly [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(17): 2055-2069.
[12]	YAN Yuge, HUANG Jiaoling. Visualization Analysis of Primary Healthcare Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(16): 2027-2035.
[13]	Chinese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis (2022) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(14): 1671-1691.
[14]	National Center of Gerontology, Electrocardiology and Cardiac Function Branch of Chinese Geriatric Society, Imaging Group of Cardiovascular Department, Beijing Medical Association, Chinese Medical and Health Culture Association Cardiovascular Health and Science Sports Branch of China Health Culture Association. Expert Consensus for Management of Myocardial Injury, Myocarditis, and Post-infection Condition with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Second Edition) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(14): 1692-1702.
[15]	YE Zhikang, YANG Hui. The Development, Problems and Application of Clinical Practice Guidelines: How Clinicians Can Read the Essence of Clinical Guidelines from the Surface to the Inside [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(13): 1559-1567.