
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 4641-4649.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0121
Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑
• Article·Digital and Intelligent Healthcare • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2026-04-12
Revised:2026-07-25
Published:2026-11-05
Online:2026-10-10
Contact:
XIE Yuanling
通讯作者:
谢远玲
作者简介:作者贡献:
谢远玲负责提出研究思路,设计研究方案,进行研究实施、监督管理、论文撰写、最终版本修订,对文章整体负责;程丽负责文章的质量控制、数据分析指导,对论文进行关键性修改;龙湘玉负责研究实施、文章修订和校对;苏政欣负责数据的清洗、数据结构的整理和核对;苏毅仪负责统筹协调、统计学处理和图表绘制;张人月负责数据的收集与整理;孙国强负责质量控制与督导;陈旭霞、周继兰负责数据采集并控制质量。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0121
| 分类 | 人数 | 占比(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 性别 | ||
| 男 | 566 | 42.14 |
| 女 | 777 | 57.86 |
| 年龄 | ||
| 0~<40岁 | 10 | 0.74 |
| 40~<50岁 | 50 | 3.72 |
| 50~<60岁 | 220 | 16.38 |
| 60~<70岁 | 507 | 37.75 |
| 70~<80岁 | 429 | 31.94 |
| ≥80岁 | 127 | 9.46 |
| 慢性病史a | ||
| 无慢性病史 | 326 | 25.75 |
| 高血压 | 516 | 40.76 |
| 糖尿病 | 143 | 11.30 |
| 糖尿病合并高血压 | 281 | 22.20 |
| 左眼视力b | ||
| ≥4.8(正常) | 688 | 56.63 |
| 4.5~<4.8(轻度损伤) | 356 | 29.30 |
| 4.0~<4.5(中度损伤) | 132 | 10.86 |
| 3.7~<4.0(重度损伤) | 18 | 1.48 |
| <3.7(盲) | 21 | 1.73 |
| 右眼视力b | ||
| ≥4.8(正常) | 682 | 56.41 |
| 4.5~<4.8(轻度损伤) | 352 | 29.12 |
| 4.0~<4.5(中度损伤) | 134 | 11.08 |
| 3.7~<4.0(重度损伤) | 26 | 2.15 |
| <3.7(盲) | 15 | 1.24 |
| 左眼眼压c | ||
| <10 mmHg(低眼压) | 11 | 0.82 |
| 10~21 mmHg(正常) | 1 243 | 93.04 |
| >21 mmHg(高眼压) | 82 | 6.14 |
| 右眼眼压c | ||
| <10 mmHg(低眼压) | 10 | 0.75 |
| 10~21 mmHg(正常) | 1 249 | 93.49 |
| >21 mmHg(高眼压) | 77 | 5.76 |
| HbA1c | ||
| <5.7%(正常) | 135 | 19.54 |
| 5.7%~6.4%(糖尿病前期) | 279 | 40.38 |
| ≥6.5%(糖尿病) | 277 | 40.08 |
| FPG | ||
| <6.1 mmol/L(正常) | 517 | 60.47 |
| 6.1~<7.0 mmol/L(糖尿病前期) | 162 | 18.95 |
| ≥7.0 mmol/L(糖尿病) | 176 | 20.58 |
| SBP | ||
| <120 mmHg(正常血压) | 124 | 17.39 |
| 120~139 mmHg(正常高值) | 425 | 59.61 |
| 140~159 mmHg(1级高血压) | 132 | 18.51 |
| 160~179 mmHg(2级高血压) | 27 | 3.79 |
| ≥180 mmHg(3级高血压) | 5 | 0.70 |
| DBP | ||
| <80 mmHg(正常血压) | 516 | 72.37 |
| 80~89 mmHg(正常高值) | 142 | 19.92 |
| 90~99 mmHg(1级高血压) | 39 | 5.47 |
| 100~109 mmHg(2级高血压) | 14 | 1.96 |
| ≥110 mmHg(3级高血压) | 2 | 0.28 |
| TC | ||
| <5.2 mmol/L(正常) | 514 | 62.00 |
| 5.2~6.1 mmol/L(边缘升高) | 210 | 25.33 |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L(升高) | 105 | 12.67 |
| TG | ||
| <1.7 mmol/L(正常) | 580 | 69.96 |
| 1.7~2.2 mmol/L(边缘升高) | 123 | 14.84 |
| ≥2.3 mmol/L(升高) | 126 | 15.20 |
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
| 分类 | 人数 | 占比(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 性别 | ||
| 男 | 566 | 42.14 |
| 女 | 777 | 57.86 |
| 年龄 | ||
| 0~<40岁 | 10 | 0.74 |
| 40~<50岁 | 50 | 3.72 |
| 50~<60岁 | 220 | 16.38 |
| 60~<70岁 | 507 | 37.75 |
| 70~<80岁 | 429 | 31.94 |
| ≥80岁 | 127 | 9.46 |
| 慢性病史a | ||
| 无慢性病史 | 326 | 25.75 |
| 高血压 | 516 | 40.76 |
| 糖尿病 | 143 | 11.30 |
| 糖尿病合并高血压 | 281 | 22.20 |
| 左眼视力b | ||
| ≥4.8(正常) | 688 | 56.63 |
| 4.5~<4.8(轻度损伤) | 356 | 29.30 |
| 4.0~<4.5(中度损伤) | 132 | 10.86 |
| 3.7~<4.0(重度损伤) | 18 | 1.48 |
| <3.7(盲) | 21 | 1.73 |
| 右眼视力b | ||
| ≥4.8(正常) | 682 | 56.41 |
| 4.5~<4.8(轻度损伤) | 352 | 29.12 |
| 4.0~<4.5(中度损伤) | 134 | 11.08 |
| 3.7~<4.0(重度损伤) | 26 | 2.15 |
| <3.7(盲) | 15 | 1.24 |
| 左眼眼压c | ||
| <10 mmHg(低眼压) | 11 | 0.82 |
| 10~21 mmHg(正常) | 1 243 | 93.04 |
| >21 mmHg(高眼压) | 82 | 6.14 |
| 右眼眼压c | ||
| <10 mmHg(低眼压) | 10 | 0.75 |
| 10~21 mmHg(正常) | 1 249 | 93.49 |
| >21 mmHg(高眼压) | 77 | 5.76 |
| HbA1c | ||
| <5.7%(正常) | 135 | 19.54 |
| 5.7%~6.4%(糖尿病前期) | 279 | 40.38 |
| ≥6.5%(糖尿病) | 277 | 40.08 |
| FPG | ||
| <6.1 mmol/L(正常) | 517 | 60.47 |
| 6.1~<7.0 mmol/L(糖尿病前期) | 162 | 18.95 |
| ≥7.0 mmol/L(糖尿病) | 176 | 20.58 |
| SBP | ||
| <120 mmHg(正常血压) | 124 | 17.39 |
| 120~139 mmHg(正常高值) | 425 | 59.61 |
| 140~159 mmHg(1级高血压) | 132 | 18.51 |
| 160~179 mmHg(2级高血压) | 27 | 3.79 |
| ≥180 mmHg(3级高血压) | 5 | 0.70 |
| DBP | ||
| <80 mmHg(正常血压) | 516 | 72.37 |
| 80~89 mmHg(正常高值) | 142 | 19.92 |
| 90~99 mmHg(1级高血压) | 39 | 5.47 |
| 100~109 mmHg(2级高血压) | 14 | 1.96 |
| ≥110 mmHg(3级高血压) | 2 | 0.28 |
| TC | ||
| <5.2 mmol/L(正常) | 514 | 62.00 |
| 5.2~6.1 mmol/L(边缘升高) | 210 | 25.33 |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L(升高) | 105 | 12.67 |
| TG | ||
| <1.7 mmol/L(正常) | 580 | 69.96 |
| 1.7~2.2 mmol/L(边缘升高) | 123 | 14.84 |
| ≥2.3 mmol/L(升高) | 126 | 15.20 |
| 诊断类型 | 右眼 | 左眼 |
|---|---|---|
| 白内障 | 487(36.26) | 497(37.01) |
| 黄斑变性 | 77(5.73) | 86(6.40) |
| DR | 21(1.56) | 24(1.79) |
| 屈光不正 | 255(18.99) | 252(18.76) |
| 豹纹状眼底 | 396(29.49) | 366(27.25) |
| 玻璃膜疣 | 191(14.22) | 177(13.18) |
| 青光眼 | 32(2.38) | 32(2.38) |
| 视网膜出血 | 2(0.15) | 2(0.15) |
| 硬性渗出 | 123(9.16) | 105(7.82) |
| 未见明显异常 | 471(35.07) | 488(36.34) |
Table 2 Distribution of ocular disease diagnoses in both eyes
| 诊断类型 | 右眼 | 左眼 |
|---|---|---|
| 白内障 | 487(36.26) | 497(37.01) |
| 黄斑变性 | 77(5.73) | 86(6.40) |
| DR | 21(1.56) | 24(1.79) |
| 屈光不正 | 255(18.99) | 252(18.76) |
| 豹纹状眼底 | 396(29.49) | 366(27.25) |
| 玻璃膜疣 | 191(14.22) | 177(13.18) |
| 青光眼 | 32(2.38) | 32(2.38) |
| 视网膜出血 | 2(0.15) | 2(0.15) |
| 硬性渗出 | 123(9.16) | 105(7.82) |
| 未见明显异常 | 471(35.07) | 488(36.34) |
| 指标 | HbA1c(%)a | FPG(mmol/L)b | TC(mmol/L)c | TG(mmol/L)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基线d | 6.93±1.31 | 6.62±2.04 | 5.01±1.26 | 1.62±1.19 |
| 6个月随访时d | 6.67±1.05 | 6.45±2.08 | 4.43±1.07 | 1.50±0.97 |
| 变化值e | -0.17(-0.46,0.12) | -0.07(-0.59,0.41) | -0.39(-1.15,0.01) | -0.09(-0.30,0.18) |
| Z配对值 | 6.01 | 2.51 | 8.58 | 2.86 |
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
Table 3 Paired analysis of biochemical parameters at baseline and 6 month followup
| 指标 | HbA1c(%)a | FPG(mmol/L)b | TC(mmol/L)c | TG(mmol/L)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基线d | 6.93±1.31 | 6.62±2.04 | 5.01±1.26 | 1.62±1.19 |
| 6个月随访时d | 6.67±1.05 | 6.45±2.08 | 4.43±1.07 | 1.50±0.97 |
| 变化值e | -0.17(-0.46,0.12) | -0.07(-0.59,0.41) | -0.39(-1.15,0.01) | -0.09(-0.30,0.18) |
| Z配对值 | 6.01 | 2.51 | 8.58 | 2.86 |
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| 指标 | 数值(95%CI) |
|---|---|
| 准确率(%) | 89.5(87.6~91.2) |
| 灵敏度(%) | 83.7(80.8~86.3)a |
| 特异度(%) | 96.1(94.3~97.4)a |
| AUC | 0.899(0.874~0.924)a |
Table 4 Evaluation of the overall performance of an AI-assisted diagnostic system for referable eye diseases
| 指标 | 数值(95%CI) |
|---|---|
| 准确率(%) | 89.5(87.6~91.2) |
| 灵敏度(%) | 83.7(80.8~86.3)a |
| 特异度(%) | 96.1(94.3~97.4)a |
| AUC | 0.899(0.874~0.924)a |
| 疾病类别 | 眼科医师复核阳性(例) | 人工智能判读阳性(例) | 灵敏度(%) | 检出率比值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR | 277 | 303 | 100.0 | 1.09 |
| 年龄相关性黄斑变性/玻璃膜疣 | 677 | 448 | 66.2 | 0.66 |
| 青光眼样眼底改变 | 18 | 16 | 88.9 | 0.89 |
| 白内障 | 81 | 76 | 93.8 | 0.94 |
| 豹纹状眼底/病理性近视 | 28 | 48 | 100.0 | 1.71 |
| 其他眼底异常 | 83 | 128 | 100.0 | 1.54 |
| 合计 | 1 164 | 1 019 | 79.7 | 0.88 |
Table 5 Distribution and diagnostic performance of an AI-assisted diagnostic system by disease category
| 疾病类别 | 眼科医师复核阳性(例) | 人工智能判读阳性(例) | 灵敏度(%) | 检出率比值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR | 277 | 303 | 100.0 | 1.09 |
| 年龄相关性黄斑变性/玻璃膜疣 | 677 | 448 | 66.2 | 0.66 |
| 青光眼样眼底改变 | 18 | 16 | 88.9 | 0.89 |
| 白内障 | 81 | 76 | 93.8 | 0.94 |
| 豹纹状眼底/病理性近视 | 28 | 48 | 100.0 | 1.71 |
| 其他眼底异常 | 83 | 128 | 100.0 | 1.54 |
| 合计 | 1 164 | 1 019 | 79.7 | 0.88 |
| 满意度指标 | 满意患者数(名) | 百分比(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 服务态度 | 188 | 94.00 |
| 检查便捷性 | 179 | 89.50 |
| 结果清晰度 | 182 | 91.00 |
| 整体满意度 | 185 | 92.50 |
Table 6 Results of a cross-sectional survey on patient satisfaction
| 满意度指标 | 满意患者数(名) | 百分比(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 服务态度 | 188 | 94.00 |
| 检查便捷性 | 179 | 89.50 |
| 结果清晰度 | 182 | 91.00 |
| 整体满意度 | 185 | 92.50 |
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