The evolution of general practice definitions epitomizes the establishment of disciplinary identity, condensation of core values, and iteration of practical paradigms. This paper adopts bibliometric analysis, historical periodization, critical juncture analysis, and typical case comparison methods to systematically sort out the formation background, stage characteristics, and connotation evolution of general practice definitions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and WONCA Europe. It compares institutional differences and definitional orientations across countries and regions and identifies key milestone events. The study finds that the definition of general practice has undergone four stages: functional description, disciplinary definition, value consolidation, and ecological expansion, with core features centered on a whole person-family-community sociological radiation perspective, a bio-psycho-social-cultural-environmental-existential multi-dimensional integration framework, first-contact and longitudinal care, contextual adaptation, community orientation, and social responsibility. The 2023 revised WONCA European definition formally incorporates "One Health, Planetary Health, and Sustainability", marking a new stage of synergistic development of individual, population, and ecosystem health. While China's general practice bears the characteristics of policy-driven and localized practice, it still faces challenges such as insufficient implementation of core connotations, poor adaptation of service models, weak alignment between disciplinary construction and talent training, and inadequate reflection of ecological and equity values. Based on the evolution rules and core features of general practice definitions abroad, this paper summarizes the enlightenment of international experience for the development of general practice in China and puts forward optimization suggestions from disciplinary connotation, education system, policy support, and practical innovation, so as to provide theoretical references for promoting the high-quality development of general practice in China.

全科医学定义演进是学科身份确立、核心价值凝聚与实践范式迭代的集中体现。本文采用文献计量、历史划代、关键转折点与典型案例比较法，系统梳理英国、美国、澳大利亚及世界家庭医生组织（WONCA）欧洲全科医学定义的形成背景、阶段特征与内涵演变，对比不同国家和地区的制度差异与定义取向，明确里程碑事件。研究发现，全科医学定义历经功能描述、学科界定、价值凝聚、生态拓展四阶段，以"全人-家庭-社区"社会学辐射视角、"生物-心理-社会-文化-环境-存在"多维整合框架、首诊与连续性、情境适配、社区导向、社会责任为核心特征。2023年WONCA欧洲新版定义首次纳入"同一健康、地球健康与可持续性"，标志着全科医学迈入个体、群体与生态健康协同发展新阶段。我国全科医学兼具政策驱动与本土实践特点，但仍存在核心内涵落实不足、服务模式适配性不强、学科与人才培养衔接不紧、生态与公平价值体现薄弱等问题。基于国外全科医学定义演进规律与核心特征，本文提炼国际经验对我国全科医学发展的启示，从学科内涵、教育体系、政策保障、实践创新四方面提出优化建议，为推动我国全科医学高质量发展提供理论参考。