The problem of irrational use of antibacterial drugs by the parents of children after leaving the hospital was particularly prominent. Providing correct guidance and popular science education on the use of antibacterial drugs and to children and their parents was an important measure to improve parents' awareness of antibacterial drugs and the level of their rational use. However, there is currently no standardized scientific popularization framework for the production of resources on antibacterial drugs for children.

Formulate a scientific popularization framework for antibacterial drugs for children discharged from hospital, providing a reference for the standardized production of pediatric antibacterial scientific popularization resources and guiding parents to use antibacterial drugs reasonably after discharge.

A systematic scoping review of the pediatric antibacterial scientific popularization upon discharge was conducted through literature research, and the content of the literature was integrated by thematic synthesis from December 2024 to February 2025. Based on the results of the review, a preliminary framework was developed and transformed into a questionnaire. Clinical experts engaged in pediatric infections, pediatric scientific popularization, and pediatric medication education were selected. In March 2025, Delphi expert consultation was completed through the questionnaire was distributed and collected via the online platform "Wenjuanxing". Items were considered to have reached consensus if the mean importance score was ≥4 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was ≤25%. The Delphi expert consultation was used to ultimately determine the indicators and construct a framework for pediatric antibacterial scientific popularization upon discharge.

A total of 7 886 articles were initially retrieved, and 55 articles were finally included after screening. Thematic synthesis summarized 19 descriptive themes (secondary indicators) and 4 analytical themes (primary indicators). A total of 35 questionnaires were distributed, and 21 were collected. The 21 experts rated the importance of 19 secondary indicators and 4 primary indicators, with all scores ranging from 4 to 5 and CV ≤ 25%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.52 (95%CI=0.18-0.76, P=0.003), indicating a moderate level of agreement among experts and that consensus was reached. Based on the expert consultation results of the initial indicators, a framework for pediatric antibacterial scientific popularization upon discharge was finally established, including 4 primary indicators (basic knowledge, medication methods, adverse reactions, and behavioral habits) and 19 secondary indicators (definitions of antibiotics, classification of antibiotics, concept differentiation, disease awareness, etc.) .

The framework for pediatric antibacterial scientific popularization upon discharge constructed in this study has high scientific validity and reliability. It can provide an important reference for formulating scientific popularization materials on pediatric antibacterial drugs upon discharge, and guiding parents to use antibacterial drugs reasonably.

儿童家长离院后使用抗菌药物的不合理问题突出，向儿童和家长提供正确的抗菌药物用药指导和科普宣教，是提高家长对抗菌药物的认知和合理使用水平的重要举措。但目前尚无科普标准规范性指导儿童抗菌药物科普资源制作。

制订儿童抗菌药物离院科普标准，为规范制作儿童抗菌药物科普资源和指导家长离院后合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。

2024年12月—2025年2月通过文献调研进行儿童抗菌药物离院科普内容的概况性系统评价，采用主题综合法整合文献内容。基于概况性系统评价结果，初拟儿童抗菌药物离院科普框架调查问卷。2025年3月选择从事儿童感染、儿童科普、儿童用药教育相关临床工作的临床专家，通过"问卷星"发放和回收问卷完成德尔菲专家咨询。根据专家对各条目重要性的评分[均分≥4分且变异系数（CV）≤25%]，判断是否达成一致，最终确定框架指标，构建儿童抗菌药物离院科普框架。

初检获文献共7 886篇，经筛选最终纳入文献55篇。经主题综合法归纳总结出19个描述性主题（二级指标）和4个分析性主题（一级指标）。共发放35份问卷，回收21份问卷。21位专家对19个二级指标和4个一级指标的重要性评分结果显示，指标的重要性评分均为4~5分，CV均≤25%，组内相关系数（ICC）为0.52（95%CI=0.18~0.76，P=0.003），即专家一致性程度较好，已达成共识。根据初拟指标的专家咨询结果，最终建立包含了4个一级指标（基础知识、用药方法、不良反应、行为习惯）、19个二级指标（抗生素定义、抗生素分类、概念区分、疾病认知等）的儿童抗菌药物离院科普框架。

本研究构建的儿童抗菌药物离院科普框架，具有较高的科学性和可靠性，可为制订儿童抗菌药物离院科普资源，指导家长合理使用抗菌药物提供重要参考。