General practitioners (GPs) play a pivotal role in mental health services, with the ability to identify and manage mental health issues at an early stage and provide ongoing support through long-term doctor-patient relationships. However, there is a disparity in the development of GPs with a special interest in mental health between China and other countries, with domestic practices lagging behind. There is an urgent need to draw on international experience to foster local development. This paper reviews the progress of GPs with a special interest in mental health both domestically and internationally, analyzes the content of primary health care mental health services in different countries, and summarizes the exploration and achievements in the training and practice of GPs in mental health in China. The paper suggests that China needs to increase government support, promote routine screening and early intervention, advocate for multidisciplinary team collaboration, and develop telemedicine and information services. At the same time, it is recommended to formulate mental health service strategies that are suitable for local medical, social, and cultural environments and social cognition, in order to enhance the development level of GPs with a special interest in mental health in China and improve the quality and overall effectiveness of primary mental health services. Future research will focus on evaluating the long-term effects of mental health training for GPs, optimizing multidisciplinary team collaboration models, and studying the application effects of information technology in mental health services.

全科医师在精神卫生服务体系中扮演着核心角色，其能够早期识别和管理精神健康问题，并通过长期医患关系为患者提供持续支持。然而，国内外全科医学精神卫生亚专长的发展现况存在差异，国内实践相对滞后，亟须借鉴国际经验促进本土发展。本文综述了国内外全科医学精神卫生亚专长的进展，分析了不同国家的初级卫生保健精神卫生服务内容，并总结了国内在全科医师精神卫生培训和实践中的探索与成效。本研究认为，我国需加大政府支持，推广常规筛查和早期干预，倡导多学科团队合作，并发展远程医疗和信息化服务。同时，建议结合本地医疗社会文化环境和社会认知，制订适合本地实际的精神卫生服务策略，以提升国内全科医学精神卫生亚专长的发展水平，并推动基层精神卫生服务质量和整体效果的提升。未来研究将聚焦于评估全科医师精神卫生培训的长期效果、优化多学科团队合作模式，以及研究信息技术在精神卫生服务中的应用效果。