With the accelerating global aging population, the burden of neurodegenerative diseases continues to rise, placing substantial economic and caregiving pressure on both society and families. Non-invasive neuromodulation (NINM) has emerged as a potential intervention, demonstrating unique advantages in mitigating functional decline. However, a scientific, comprehensive, and standardized system is still lacking in the current evaluation of effects and efficacy, as they rely heavily on subjective scales, overlook the dynamic changes of brain function, and involve ambiguous safety thresholds, thereby constraining comprehensive assessment of the long-term efficacy and clinical benefits of NINM. Based on evidence-based medicine, domestic and international guidelines, expert consensus, clinical practical experience, and technical management standards, this consensus statement proposes 11 recommendations for NINM interventions targeting elderly individuals with disability and dementia. These recommendations systematically encompass key domains including patient selection, intervention strategies, efficacy and effectiveness evaluation, and safety monitoring. The development of this consensus aims to enhance the scientific rigor and feasibility of clinical application, providing standardized guidance for NINM interventions in elderly populations with disability and dementia, thus ensuring their rational implementation and effective management in clinical practice.

随着全球老龄化进程的加速，神经退行性疾病的负担日益加重，给社会和家庭带来了沉重的经济和护理压力。非侵入性神经调控（NINM）作为潜在的解决方案，尽管在延缓功能衰退中展现出独特优势，但其效应和疗效评价仍缺乏科学、全面、标准化的体系。目前的评价方法多依赖主观量表，忽略了脑功能的动态变化，且安全性阈值模糊，难以全面评估技术的长期疗效和临床获益。基于循证医学证据、国内外指南与专家共识以及现有临床实践经验和技术管理规范，本共识针对老年失能失智人群制定了11项NINM干预共识意见。这些意见系统地涵盖了人群选择、干预策略、疗效与效应评估指标及安全监管等多个关键方面。本共识的制定旨在提升临床应用的科学性与可行性，为老年失能失智人群的NINM干预提供规范化指导，确保其在临床实践中的合理应用和有效管理。