Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (07): 824-830.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0244

• Original Research • Previous Articles    

Status and Influencing Factors of Reversible and Potentially Reversible Cognitive Frailty among the Community-dwelling Elderly

  

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
    2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300070, China
    4. Dazhangzhuang Community Healthcare Center, Beichen District, Tianjin 300070, China
  • Received:2024-07-19 Revised:2024-08-22 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-01-23
  • Contact: LIU Huan

社区老年人可逆与潜在可逆性认知衰弱情况及影响因素研究

  

  1. 1.300070 天津市,天津医科大学公共卫生学院
    2.300070 天津市环境营养与人群健康重点实验室
    3.300070 天津市,人群重大疾病防控教育部重点实验室
    4.300405 天津市北辰区大张庄社区卫生服务中心
  • 通讯作者: 刘欢
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    赵新蕊、黄丽负责研究方案设计与问卷编写;赵新蕊、黄丽、曹立春、屈会超负责现场调查与数据收集;赵新蕊负责数据分析与论文撰写;张美琳、刘欢负责论文写作与修改指导。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173516); 天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2021YJ008)

Abstract:

Background

Cognitive frailty is a prevalent clinical syndrome in the elderly, with subtypes of reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty. It is associated with adverse health outcomes such as falls, disability, and mortality. However, there is limited research on the current prevalence of cognitive frailty subtypes and their influencing factors in the elderly population.

Objective

To investigate the current status of cognitive frailty (CF) among community elderly in Beichen District in Tianjin, and to explore the influencing factors of different subtypes of cognitive frailty, so as to provide references for the early identification and intervention of reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) .

Methods

From June to August 2023, totally 3 916 community residents in Beichen District, Tianjin were recruited with convenience sampling, and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted using the demography questionnaire, FRAIL Frailty Scale, the Brief Mental Status Examination Scale (MMSE), and the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q9) to assess the incidence of different types of cognitive frailty and analyze the influencing factors among older people using a multivariate Logistic regression model.

Results

Among 3 916 participants, 679 (17.34%) with RCF and 440 (11.24%) with PRCF. There were significantly differences in CF prevalence among the elderly with different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, sleep disorders, the prevalence of various types of chronic illnesses, exercise, smoking histories, drinking histories, the number of medications used for chronic illnesses, and hemoglobin levels (P<0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that with no cognitive frailty as a control, being female (OR=2.186, 95%CI=1.713-2.791), age≥70 years (OR=3.056, 95%CI=2.519-3.708), smoking (OR=1.753, 95%CI=1.431-2.146), having a sleep disorder (OR=1.275, 95%CI=1.046-1.555), low hemoglobin levels (OR=1.531, 95%CI=1.026-2.284), and≥3 medications for a chronic condition (OR=2.168, 95%CI=1.490-3.156) were associated with a higher risk of RCF, and exercise (OR=0.459, 95%CI=0.382-0.551) was associated with a lower risk of RCF (P<0.05) ; being female (OR=1.941, 95%CI=1.465-2.573), age≥70 years (OR=1.830, 95%CI=1.460-2.292), drinking (OR=2.270, 95%CI=1.734-2.970), having a sleep disorder (OR=1.996, 95%CI=1.557-2.560), stroke (OR=2.114, 95%CI=1.026-4.355), low hemoglobin levels (OR=1.991, 95%CI=1.288-3.078), and ≥3 medications for a chronic condition (OR=1.626, 95%CI=1.050-2.518) were associated with a higher risk of PRCF, and exercise (OR=0.522, 95%CI=0.423-0.644) was associated with a lower risk of PRCF in the aged (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The prevalence of reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty is high among the elderly in the community of Beichen District in Tianjin. It is recommended to add the assessment of CF into community physical examinations and implement multidimensional effective strategies to delay the onset and progression of CF.

Key words: Frailty, Cognition disorders, Aged, Mental status and dementia tests, Prevalence, Root cause analysis

摘要:

背景

认知衰弱(CF)是老年人常见的临床综合征,分为可逆性认知衰弱(RCF)和潜在可逆性认知衰弱(PRCF),易导致跌倒、残疾和死亡等不良健康结局的发生,而目前社区老年人群不同分型CF患病情况及影响因素的研究相对较少。

目的

了解社区老年人RCF与PRCF患病情况,探讨RCF与PRCF的影响因素,为CF(尤其是RCF)的早期识别与预防提供理论基础。

方法

于2023年6—8月,采取便利抽样法抽取天津市北辰区某社区体检的3 916名老年人进行"面对面"问卷调查,调查工具包括社区居民一般情况调查表、FRAIL衰弱量表、简易精神状况检查量表(MMSE)、主观认知下降问卷(SCD-Q9)等。评估社区老年人不同分型CF的发生情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨老年人发生不同分型CF的影响因素。

结果

3 916名老年人中,RCF老年人679名(17.34%),PRCF老年人440名(11.24%)。不同CF分型老年人的性别、年龄、受教育程度、锻炼情况、吸烟史、饮酒史、睡眠障碍、高血压患病情况、糖尿病患病情况、脑卒中患病情况、血红蛋白(Hb)水平、慢性病用药数量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,以无CF为参照,女性(OR=2.186,95%CI=1.713~2.791)、年龄≥70岁(OR=3.056,95%CI=2.519~3.708)、有吸烟史(OR=1.753,95%CI=1.431~2.146)、有睡眠障碍(OR=1.275,95%CI=1.046~1.555)、Hb水平异常(OR=1.531,95%CI=1.026~2.284)、慢性病用药数量≥3种(OR=2.168,95%CI=1.490~3.156)与老年人较高的RCF发生风险有关(P<0.05),锻炼(OR=0.459,95%CI=0.382~0.551)与老年人较低的RCF发生风险有关(P<0.05);女性(OR=1.941,95%CI=1.465~2.573)、年龄≥70岁(OR=1.830,95%CI=1.460~2.292)、有饮酒史(OR=2.270,95%CI=1.734~2.970)、有睡眠障碍(OR=1.996,95%CI=1.557~2.560)、有脑卒中(OR=2.114,95%CI=1.026~4.355)、Hb水平异常(OR=1.991,95%CI=1.288~3.078)、慢性病用药数量≥3种(OR=1.626,95%CI=1.050~2.518)与老年人较高的PRCF发生风险有关,锻炼(OR=0.522,95%CI=0.423~0.644)与老年人较低的PRCF发生风险有关(P<0.05)。

结论

天津市北辰区社区老年人的RCF与PRCF发生率较高,建议在社区体检中加入CF评估,通过制定并执行多维度有效方案来延缓CF发生发展。

关键词: 衰弱, 认知障碍, 老年人, 精神状态和痴呆测验, 患病率, 影响因素分析

CLC Number: