Primary traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health service has been attracting continuously improving attention. However, primary TCM health service system still has problems, which have constrained the development of TCM in China.

To analyze the current situation of primary TCM health service system in China and explore the strategies to continuously improve the capacity of primary TCM health service.

In December 2022, data were retrieved from the China Health Statistics Yearbook, National Statistics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the official websites of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. The index system was constructed from the three levels of health input, service output and health needs, and the combination of rank-sum ratio method and the WHO health system performance module framework was used to comprehensively evaluate the current situation of primary TCM health service.

In terms of health input, from 2017 to 2021, the number of primary healthcare institutions providing TCM health services except for township health centers has increased, and the number of TCM clinical departments beds in community health service centers (stations), township health centers, and outpatient clinics has shown an increasing trend, but the proportion of TCM clinical departments beds in outpatient clinics to the total number of outpatient departments has decreased; the proportion of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians in community health service centers (stations), township health centers and clinics has increased significantly, while the proportion of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians in village clinics remained stable, and the proportion of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians in outpatient clinics decreased by years; in the past five years, the absolute value of financial input for primary healthcare institutions has steadily increased, while the financial allocation for TCM organizations has fluctuatingly decreased. In terms of service output, from 2017 to 2021, the proportion of TCM consultations to the total consultations in various institutions has steadily increased according to a certain increase (except for TCM outpatient clinics), while the proportion of TCM consultations in village clinics alone has always remained above 30.0%; in addition to township health centers, the per capita burden of consultations of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians in other primary healthcare institutions was generally on a downward trend. The comprehensive evaluation found that 2017, 2018 and 2021 were in a suitable state of resource allocation, while 2019 and 2020 were in an unbalanced state of resource allocation.

At present, the construction of primary TCM health service system in China has been effectively implemented, but there are still some problems in the process of orderly promotion. Problems such as insufficient resources for primary TCM, unbalanced service and utilization, insufficient advantages of TCM, imperfect personnel training mechanism and low financial input have constrained the development TCM. In order to promote the continuous improvement of the health service capacity of primary TCM health service institutions, it is necessary to consolidate the functions of government, further promote TCM culture, establish incentive mechanism to optimize the training mode of talents, strengthen the close integration of TCM health services with health insurance policies, and build a TCM medical association supported by "information integration".

我国对基层中医药卫生服务的关注度持续提升，但是目前基层中医药卫生服务体系仍存在问题，制约了我国中医药事业的发展。

分析我国基层中医药卫生服务体系现状，探索持续提升基层中医药服务能力的策略。

于2022年12月，检索《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《全国中医药统计编摘》及国家疾病预防控制局和国家心血管病中心官方网站获取数据，从卫生投入、服务产出、健康需要3个层面构建指标体系，结合秩和比法和WHO卫生系统绩效模块框架对基层中医药服务现状进行综合评价。

卫生投入方面：2017—2021年，除乡镇卫生院外，其他能够提供中医药服务的基层医疗卫生机构数量均有所增加；社区卫生服务中心（站）、乡镇卫生院、门诊部中医类临床科室床位数呈现上升趋势，但门诊部中医类临床科室床位数占门诊部总床位数的比例有所下降；社区卫生服务中心（站）、乡镇卫生院、诊所中医类执业（助理）医师占比明显上升，而村卫生室的中医类执业（助理）医师占比保持稳定，门诊部的中医类执业（助理）医师占比逐年递减；近5年，基层医疗卫生机构财政投入的绝对数值稳步提高，而中医机构财政拨款波动减少。服务产出方面：尽管各类机构中医诊疗人次占机构总诊疗人次的比例按照一定增幅稳步增长（除中医类门诊部外），但仅村卫生室的中医诊疗量占比始终保持在30.0%以上；除乡镇卫生院外，其他基层医疗卫生机构的中医类执业（助理）医师人均担负年诊疗人次总体上呈下降趋势。根据综合评价结果，2017、2018、2021年处于资源分配适宜状态，而2019、2020年处于资源分配不均衡状态。

目前，我国基层中医药卫生服务体系建设得到有效落实，但在有序推进的过程中也存在一些不足。基层中医药资源不足、服务与利用不均衡、中医药优势未充分发挥、人才培养机制不健全、财政投入少等问题制约中医药事业的发展。为推动基层医疗卫生机构持续提高中医药卫生服务能力，需要夯实政府职能，进一步弘扬中医药文化，建立激励机制以优化人才培养模式，加强中医药服务与医保政策紧密结合，建设以"信息一体化"为支撑的中医医联体。