Excessive salt intake is a major risk for hypertension, an illness posing a serious threat to human health. Salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP) refers to a rising blood pressure response to relatively high salt intake, which is a susceptibility of blood pressure to salt in some individuals. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota is significantly associated with blood pressure and salt intake, and it plays an important role in the development of SSBP. We reviewed the advances in the association of dietary salt intake, gut microbiota and SSBP, and summarized that gut microbiota plays an important role in high-salt diet-induced intestinal inflammation and hypertension, indicating that gut microbiota and its disturbance as well as inflammation/immune responses may be possibly involved in the development of SSBP. This review will provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of SSBP by adjusting the homeostasis of gut microbiota and related inflammatory and immune pathways.

高血压严重危害人类健康，盐摄入过量是高血压的主要危险因素之一。盐敏感性血压（SSBP）是指高盐摄入所呈现的一种血压升高反应，是部分群体存在的一种血压对盐的个体易感性。近年来随着对肠道菌群的深入研究，研究者发现肠道菌群与血压、盐摄入量之间存在显著联系，肠道菌群在SSBP发生、发展中起着重要作用。本综述通过探讨膳食盐、肠道菌群和SSBP之间的关系，发现肠道菌群在高盐诱导的炎症和高血压中扮演着重要角色，阐明肠道菌群及其代谢产物紊乱和炎症免疫参与SSBP的可能机制，以期为临床提供一种通过调整肠道菌群稳态及与之相关的炎症免疫途径来防治SSBP的新思路。