The presence of symptom clusters is associated with poor treatment outcomes and decreased quality of life in patients with cancer, and holistic interventions for symptom clusters can improve the management efficiency. Numerous non-pharmacologic interventions are available for symptom clusters in patients with cancer, but there is disagreement as to which interventions is the most effective.

To explore and compare the effectiveness of different non-pharmacological interventions in reducing the severity of symptom clusters in cancer patients.

In September 2021, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about non-pharmacological interventions in reducing the severity of symptom clusters in cancer patients were searched in SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library databases from inception to September 2021. Two researchers independently screened studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and performed risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 5.1.0) . RevMan 5.3 was adopted for heterogeneity test using a traditional method and publication bias analysis. Addis 16.6 was used to make a network meta-analysis.

Twelve RCTs were finally included, involving 1 116 cases, and eight non-pharmacologic interventions: cognitive behavior intervention, mindfulness-based stress reduction, acupoint massage, multiple-modality exercise, exercise and health counseling, auricular point sticking therapy, narrative nursing, and attention control. Network meta-analysis results showed that, for reducing the severity of symptom clusters in cancer patients, acupoint massage was superior to interventions other than mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based stress reduction was superior to usual care and narrative nursing, and cognitive behavioral intervention was superior to multiple-modality exercise, usual care and narrative nursing (P<0.05) . The surface under the cumulative ranking curve score for the interventions in reducing the severity of symptom clusters in cancer patients ranked from highest to lowest was: acupoint massage>mindfulness-based stress reduction>cognitive behavior intervention>auricular point sticking therapy/attention control>multiple-modality exercise>usual care>narrative nursing>exercise and health counseling.

Based on the results of network meta-analysis and probability ranking, acupoint massage was recommended as the clinical priority non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate the severity of symptom clusters in cancer patients, followed by mindfulness-based stress reduction. In the future, high-quality, large-sample, multicenter, double-blind RCTs are needed to further validate the effects of different non-pharmacological interventions on improving symptom clusters in cancer patients, and to provide more reliable evidence for supporting the development of interventions for symptom clusters in these patients.

症状群的出现会降低癌症患者的治疗效果和生活质量，对症状群进行整体性干预能提高管理效率。目前，针对癌症患者症状群的非药物干预措施众多，何种干预措施效果最佳尚有分歧。

探讨并比较不同非药物干预措施对减轻癌症患者症状群严重程度的效果。

于2021年9月，计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science及Wiley Online Library，获取关于非药物干预措施对减轻癌症患者症状群严重程度效果的随机对照试验（RCT），检索时限均为建库至2021年9月。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并采用Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0推荐的RCT偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，运用RevMan 5.3软件进行异质性检验（传统Meta分析）和发表偏倚检验，利用Addis16.6软件进行网状Meta分析。

共纳入12篇文献，样本量合计1 116例，共涉及8种非药物干预措施，分别为认知行为干预、正念减压、穴位按摩、多模态运动、运动与健康咨询、耳压贴穴、叙事护理、注意力控制。网状Meta分析显示：对于减轻癌症患者症状群严重程度的效果，穴位按摩优于除正念减压外的其他干预措施，正念减压优于常规护理与叙事护理，认知行为干预优于多模态运动、常规护理与叙事护理（P<0.05）。累积排序概率图下面积排序：穴位按摩>正念减压>认知行为干预>耳压贴穴>注意力控制>多模态运动>常规护理>叙事护理>运动与健康咨询。

根据网状Meta分析和累积排序概率结果，推荐临床优先将穴位按摩作为缓解癌症患者症状群严重程度的非药物干预措施，其次为正念减压。未来，还需通过高质量、大样本、多中心的随机双盲试验，进一步验证不同非药物干预措施对减轻癌症患者症状群严重程度的效果，为癌症患者症状群干预措施的制订提供更加可靠的证据支持。