Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 3838-3843.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0460

• Article·Epidemiological Study • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Mortality Trends of Cervical, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancers among Women in China from 2004 to 2021

  

  1. 1. Obstetrics Department, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine/Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
    2. School of Public Health of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
    3. The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: JIANG Shuai

2004—2021年我国女性子宫颈癌和子宫体癌及卵巢癌死亡率变化趋势研究

  

  1. 1.450000 河南省郑州市,河南中医药大学第五临床医学院 郑州人民医院产科
    2.450000 河南省郑州市,郑州大学公共卫生学院
    3.450000 河南省郑州市,郑州大学第一附属医院
  • 通讯作者: 蒋帅
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    王言研负责文章构思与设计、数据分析和论文撰写;董晓雪负责数据处理、图表绘制及文章修订;孔今晨、陈昱彤、翟宇杰负责文献资料收集、数据整理、统计学处理;蒋帅负责文章质量控制与审查,并提供基金资助。

  • 基金资助:
    2024年度河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(24A630031); 2024年度中原医创基金会重点项目(ZYYC202403ZD)

Abstract:

Background

Cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer are common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Long-term trends in mortality rates and disparities across urban and rural areas, regions, and age groups remain unclear. Analyzing and revealing their epidemiological trends in different populations provides critical evidence for optimizing prevention and control strategies.

Objective

To analyze trends in mortality rates for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers among Chinese women from 2004 to 2021, examining differences by urban/rural location, region, and age group to inform optimized prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Total deaths from cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers were extracted from the Chinese Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset within the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2004 to 2021. Mortality rates were calculated for each cancer type, stratified by urban/rural residence, region (eastern, western, central), and age group. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate annual percentage change (APC), average annual percentage change (AAPC) and age-adjusted death rate (AADR), and to analyze temporal trends of AADR.

Results

Cervical cancer AADR increased significantly in both urban (APC=21.89%, P<0.05) and rural (APC=28.02%, P<0.05) areas from 2012 to 2015. Starting in 2015, urban areas showed a significant decline (APC=-3.42%, P<0.05). Urban endometrial cancer AADR showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2016 (APC=-14.12%, P<0.05). The AADR for endometrial cancer among urban populations shifted to an upward trend in 2016 (APC=7.10%, P<0.05), while the rural population AADR shifted upward in 2015 (APC=4.23%, P<0.05). The AADR for ovarian cancer in urban populations showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2021 (APC=1.52%, P<0.05); the AADR in rural populations showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2017 (APC=11.14%, P<0.05). Cervical cancer AADR showed an upward trend in the eastern region (APC=25.15%, P<0.05) and western region (APC=35.09%, P<0.05) from 2012 to 2015, while the central region exhibited an upward trend from 2012 to 2016 (APC=15.26%, P<0.05). The AADR for endometrial cancer in the eastern region showed a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2015 (APC=-14.69%, P<0.05); while AADR in the western region (APC=-22.47%, P<0.05) and central region (APC=-23.87%, P<0.05) showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2016, followed by an increasing trend from 2016 to 2021 (APC=9.60%, 10.12%, P<0.05). The AADR for ovarian cancer in the eastern region showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2021 (APC=4.34%, P<0.05). The AADR for malignant tumors of the reproductive system in the 15 to <30 years group showed a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2021 (APC=-1.88%, P<0.05); the AADR for reproductive system malignancies in the 30 to <45 years group showed decreasing trends from 2004 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2021 (APC=-1.31%, -7.34%, P<0.05); the AADR for reproductive system malignancies among individuals aged 45 to <60 years showed a declining trend from 2004 to 2013 (APC=-1.86%, P<0.05); the AADR for reproductive system malignancies among individuals aged≥75 years showed a declining trend from 2004 to 2014 (APC=-2.99%, P<0.05). Semi-logarithmic trend lines revealed a significant shift in the ranking of female reproductive system cancer mortality trends: from "endometrial cancer>cervical cancer>ovarian cancer" during 2004-2013 to "cervical cancer > ovarian cancer > endometrial cancer" during 2015-2021.

Conclusion

During 2015-2021, the burden of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system changed. Cervical cancer replaced endometrial cancer as the leading cause of death from female reproductive system malignancies in China. Significant urban-rural and regional heterogeneity existed across the three cancer types: urban cervical cancer mortality declined in recent years while rural areas lagged in improvement; endometrial cancer mortality rebounded in central-western regions, urban and rural areas; ovarian cancer mortality showed an upward trend across all populations.

Key words: Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer, Ovarian cancer, Female reproductive system, Joinpoint regression model, Mortality rate

摘要:

背景

子宫颈癌、子宫体癌和卵巢癌作为常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,其死亡率长期变化趋势及在城乡、地区和年龄间的差异尚不明确,分析其在不同人群中的流行趋势,为优化防控策略提供关键依据。

目的

分析2004—2021年中国女性子宫颈癌、子宫体癌和卵巢癌死亡率的变化趋势及其城乡别、地区别和年龄差异,为优化防控策略提供依据。

方法

汇总2004—2021年中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统的《中国死因监测数据集》中因子宫颈癌、子宫体癌、卵巢癌死亡总人数,按照城乡(城市、农村)、地区(东部、西部、中部)、年龄组进行分层,分别计算子宫颈癌、子宫体癌和卵巢癌的死亡率。采用Joinpoint回归模型计算年度变化百分比(APC)、平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)和年龄标化死亡率(AADR),分析AADR的时间趋势。

结果

子宫颈癌AADR在城市(APC=21.89%,P<0.05)和农村(APC=28.02%,P<0.05)均于2012—2015年显著上升,自2015年起城市转为显著下降(APC=-3.42%,P<0.05)。城市人群子宫体癌AADR在2013—2016年呈下降趋势(APC=-14.12%,P<0.05);城市人群子宫体癌AADR在2016年转为上升趋势(APC=7.10%,P<0.05),农村人群AADR在2015年转为上升趋势(APC=4.23%,P<0.05)。城市人群卵巢癌AADR在2004—2021年呈上升趋势(APC=1.52%,P<0.05);农村人群AADR在2011—2017年呈上升趋势(APC=11.14%,P<0.05)。东部地区(APC=25.15%,P<0.05)、西部地区(APC=35.09%,P<0.05)人群子宫颈癌AADR在2012—2015年呈上升趋势,中部地区人群在2012—2016年呈上升趋势(APC=15.26%,P<0.05)。东部地区人群子宫体癌AADR在2012—2015年呈下降趋势(APC=-14.69%,P<0.05);西部地区(APC=-22.47%,P<0.05)、中部地区(APC=-23.87%,P<0.05)人群AADR在2013—2016年呈下降趋势,在2016—2021年分别呈上升趋势(APC=9.60%、10.12%,P<0.05)。东部地区人群卵巢癌AADR在2004—2021年呈上升趋势(APC=4.34%,P<0.05)。15~<30岁人群生殖系统恶性肿瘤AADR在2004—2021年呈下降趋势(APC=-1.88%,P<0.05);30~<45岁人群生殖系统恶性肿瘤AADR在2004—2016年、2016—2021年分别呈下降趋势(APC=-1.31%、-7.34%,P<0.05);45~<60岁人群生殖系统恶性肿瘤AADR在2004—2013年呈下降趋势(APC=-1.86%,P<0.05);≥75岁人群生殖系统恶性肿瘤AADR在2004—2014年呈下降趋势(APC=-2.99%,P<0.05)。半对数折线图显示,女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤AADR变化趋势顺位从2004—2013年"子宫体癌>子宫颈癌>卵巢癌"到2015—2021年"子宫颈癌>卵巢癌>子宫体癌",发生明显顺位变化。

结论

2015—2021年,女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤疾病负担发生改变,子宫颈癌取代子宫体癌成为中国女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤首位死因。三类癌症AADR城乡与地区异质性显著,城市子宫颈癌AADR近年下降但农村改善滞后,子宫体癌AADR在中西部及城乡地区反弹,全人群卵巢癌AADR呈上升趋势。

关键词: 子宫颈癌, 子宫体癌, 卵巢癌, 女性生殖系统, Joinpoint回归模型, 死亡率

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