Abstract: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide，contributing significantly to the global cancer burden. Among its pathological types，non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC) is the most common. Advanced NSCLC poses a pressing need for improved therapeutic strategies due to its high recurrence rates and drug resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors，a novel class of immunotherapies，have shown promising clinical efficacy，particularly when combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapies. However，their application continues to face significant challenges，including increased toxicity，complex resistance mechanisms，high costs，and the absence of standardized treatment protocols.This review examines the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with innovative therapies for advanced NSCLC，including tumor vaccines，Immunomodulatory therapy，novel targeted therapy，and novel radiotherapy. The findings suggest that combination therapies offer advantages in improving progression-free survival and overall survival for patients，with some studies indicating that those with high PD-L1 expression may derive greater benefits. In terms of safety，most combination regimens did not significantly increase the incidence of severe adverse events; however，mild immune-related or treatment-specific reactions remain a concern. Although current studies are generally limited by small sample sizes，leaving the generalizability and reliability of findings to be further validated，future directions include conducting large-scale multicenter trials，investigating resistance mechanisms，and integrating novel biomarkers with genomic technologies. These advancements are expected to optimize therapeutic strategies and pave the way for individualized and precise treatment approaches in advanced NSCLC.

Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, Combination therapies, Novel therapeutic approaches

摘要： 肺癌是癌症相关死亡的主要原因，在全球癌症负担中占主导地位。其中最常见的病理类型为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC），晚期NSCLC因其高复发率及耐药性，治疗效果亟待提高。程序性死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）/程序性死亡配体-1（PD-L1）抑制剂作为一种新型免疫疗法，在联合化疗、靶向治疗等方法中展现出良好的临床效果，但因其毒性增加、耐药机制复杂、费用高昂及缺乏标准化方案等，推广应用仍面临诸多挑战。本文综述了PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合新型治疗在晚期NSCLC中的研究进展，涵盖肿瘤疫苗、免疫调节治疗、新靶向治疗及新型放射治疗等疗法。本综述结果表明，联合治疗在改善患者的无进展生存期和总生存期方面具有一定优势，且高PD-L1表达患者可能获益更多。在安全性方面，大多数联合疗法未显著增加严重不良事件，但轻度免疫相关或治疗特异性反应仍需关注。当前研究样本量普遍较小，结果的适用范围和可靠性有待验证，未来需通过开展大规模多中心试验探索耐药机制，结合新型生物标志物和基因组学技术，进一步优化治疗方案，实现个体化精准治疗。

关键词: 非小细胞肺癌, PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂, 联合治疗, 新型治疗