Abstract: Background　As people grow older，the functions of their organs gradually decline，which may lead to seriously impaired mental health due to decreased physical activity level，decreased ability to perform their due social role，eventually resulting in the occurrence of depressive symptoms. So understanding the correlation between activities of daily living（ADL） and depressive symptoms has great importance to decrease the incidence of depressive symptoms and improve the life quality in this group. Objective　To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms，and to determine the correlation between ADL and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly people. Methods　Data were extracted from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database. A total of 4 355 respondents who were 60 years old and above were selected as valid samples. The basic condition of patients，the Basic Activities of Daily Living（BADL） and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living（IADL） assessed by ADL，and the depression symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were analyzed. Binary Logistic regression was acted to identify the influence of BADL and IADL on depressive symptoms. Results 1 865 respondents reported to have depressive symptoms，with a prevalence of 42.82%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with intact and impaired BADL was 40.81%（1 616/3 960）and 63.04%（249/395），respectively，with a significant difference（χ2=72.490，P<0.001），and in those with intact and impaired IADL was 37.19%（1 179/3 170）and 57.89%（686/1 185），respectively，with a significant difference（χ2=150.917，P<0.001）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the respondents with impaired BADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact BADL〔OR（95%CI）=1.796（1.420，2.273）〕，and that the respondents with impaired IADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact IADL〔OR（95%CI）=1.982（1.704，2.306）〕. Stratified analysis by gender found that male respondents with impaired BADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact BADL〔OR（95%CI）=1.933（1.313，2.846）〕，that male respondents with impaired IADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact IADL〔OR（95%CI）=1.820（1.409，2.350）〕，that female respondents with impaired BADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact BADL〔OR（95%CI）=1.708（1.268，2.302）〕，and that female respondents with impaired IADL were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with intact IADL〔OR（95%CI）=2.045（1.691，2.473）〕. Conclusion ADL is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. Impaired ADL may increase the risk of having depressive symptoms.Gender is associated with the impact of impaired BADL or IADL on the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Specifically，males with impaired BADL or females with impaired IADL may have a higher risk.

Key words: Activities of daily living, Depression, Aged, China

摘要： 背景　随着年龄的增长，老年人的器官功能逐步衰退，身体活动能力受限，同时也无法承担相应的社会角色，严重影响其心理健康，可能会导致抑郁症状的发生。了解日常生活活动能力（ADL）与抑郁症状之间的关系对于降低抑郁症状发生率、提高老年人生活质量具有重要意义。目的　了解中国老年人抑郁症状的发生情况，并探讨ADL与抑郁症状之间的关系。方法　数据来源为2015 年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据，选择≥ 60 岁的老年人4 355 例作为有效样本，统计CHARLS 中患者的基本情况、ADL 量表评估的患者基本日常生活活动能力（BADL）和工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）、10 项流调中心抑郁量表评估的抑郁症状。采用二分类Logistic 回归模型分析BADL、IADL 对老年人抑郁症状的影响。结果　1 865 例老年人存在抑郁症状，检出率为42.82%。BADL 完好组和受损组抑郁症状的检出率分别为40.81%（1 616/3 960）和63.04%（249/395），差异有统计学意义（χ2=72.490，P<0.001）；IADL 完好组和受损组抑郁症状的检出率分别为37.19%（1 179/3 170）和57.89%（686/1 185），差异有统计学意义（χ2=150.917，P<0.001）。Logistic 回归分析结果显示，全人群BADL 受损者的抑郁症状发生风险高于BADL 完好者〔OR（95%CI）=1.796（1.420，2.273）〕，IADL 受损者的抑郁症状发生风险高于IADL 完好者〔OR（95%CI）=1.982（1.704，2.306）〕；根据性别进行分层分析，男性BADL 受损者发生抑郁症状的风险高于BADL 完好者〔OR（95%CI）=1.933（1.313，2.846）〕，IADL 受损者的抑郁症状发生风险高于IADL 完好者〔OR（95%CI）=1.820（1.409，2.350）〕；女性BADL 受损者发生抑郁症状的风险高于BADL 完好者〔OR（95%CI）=1.708（1.268，2.302）〕，IADL 受损者发生抑郁症状的风险高于IADL完好者〔OR（95%CI）=2.045（1.691，2.473）〕。结论　ADL 受损是老年人出现抑郁症状的危险因素，BADL 或IADL受损对抑郁症状发生的影响程度存在性别差异，男性BADL 受损影响更大，女性IADL 受损影响更大。

关键词: 日常生活活动能力, 抑郁, 老年人, 中国