Abstract: With the aging of population and increase of diabetes and hypertension prevalence rates，the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease（CKD） is also obviously increased.Due to poor prognosis and huge treatment costs in the end-stage，CKD has become a severe public health problem.In fact，early screening and early treatment can delay the progression and improve the prognosis of CKD.However，the screening rate is low due to insufficient attention.General practitioners play an important role in CKD screening.Community-based screening of CKD co-implemented by multiple parties helps to publicize CKD screening knowledge，implement the screening and transfer the patients.On the basis of literature review，we found that there is a dispute about the selection of screening modes and risk factors.We suggest that the Internet can be used as an assistant tool for the implementation of CKD screening，and screening programs can be based on the guideline recommendations.Besides，new cost-effective and non-invasive screening programs are being studied.Also，frequency of high-efficient screening needs more evidence.In addition，community-based CKD screening project needs further verification of its cost-effectiveness，which offers more evidence for the screening implementation.

Key words: Kidney diseases, Chronic kidney disease, Screening, General practitioners, Community health services, Research progress, Review

摘要： 随着人口老龄化进程及糖尿病、高血压等患病率的增加，慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率明显增加。由于预后不良及终末期治疗成本巨大，CKD已经成为严重的公共卫生问题之一。早期筛查识别并开展早期干预治疗，可延缓CKD病情进展，改善患者预后。但目前对CKD筛查的重视程度不够，筛查率较低。全科医生在CKD筛查中承担着重要角色，以社区筛查为基础的多方合作有利于宣传、展开筛查及转诊。本文在梳理相关文献的基础上，发现目前CKD筛查方式和筛查危险因素的选择尚存在争议；筛查的实施建议借助互联网；筛查项目建议以相关指南推荐为基础，同时符合成本效果的无创筛查项目也正在研究中，高效筛查频次也需要更多证据。此外，社区CKD筛查仍需进行进一步的成本效果分析，从而为真实世界中筛查的实施提供更多证据。

关键词: 肾疾病, 慢性肾脏病, 筛查, 全科医生, 社区卫生服务, 研究进展, 综述