Abstract: The Almaty-Ata Declaration has been in existence for 40 years since its publication in 1978，and the global health goal has changed from "health for all by the year 2000"（HFA） to universal health coverage（UHC），but primary health care（PHC） still is the basic way to achieve the goal of global health strategy. Based on the Almaty-Ata Declaration，this paper expounds the meaning of HFA and UHC，and sorts out the development history of PHC and general practice in China. It also proposes the challenges faced by China when developing general practice and hopes to provide a reference for practitioners and researchers in the field of general practice.

Key words: General practice, Primary health care, Universal health coverage, Alma-Ata Declaration, China

摘要： 《阿拉木图宣言》自1978年发表以来至今已有40年，全球健康目标从“2000年人人享有健康”（HFA）变为全民健康覆盖（UHC），初级卫生保健（PHC）依然是实现全球健康策略的基本途径。本文基于《阿拉木图宣言》阐述了HFA和UHC的含义，梳理了中国PHC与全科医学的发展历程，并提出中国全科医学发展面临的挑战，希望可以为全科医学领域研究者、实践者提供方向与参考。

关键词: 全科医学, 初级卫生保健, 全民健康覆盖, 阿拉木图宣言, 中国