Abstract: Poor dietary can directly affect the incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular disease or by acting on cardiovascular disease risk factors.It is one of the academic hot spot to reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease by adequate diet in recent years,but there are some controversial issues on the understanding of some subjects.In this paper,we analyzed the more controversial issues in detail,such as the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and some components of food including cholesterol,fatty acids and dietary supplements,and expected to draw more representative conclusions.We reviewed and analyzed the domestic and international dietary guidelines and relevant literatures in recent years,and found that it was important for preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular disease to restrict the intake of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids and increase dietary fiber intake.There was insufficient evidence for the various dietary supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease,and it should not be over-recommended.

Key words: Food habits, Diet therapy, Cardiovascular diseases, Cholesterol, Fatty acids,unsaturated

摘要： 不良的饮食习惯可以直接作用于心血管疾病的危险因素并能直接影响心血管疾病的发病率及预后，如何通过恰当的饮食来减少心血管疾病的发病率及死亡率是近年来的学术热点之一，但在某些问题的认识上存在较大争议。本文对争议较大的问题，如胆固醇、脂肪酸、膳食补充剂与心血管疾病的关系进行深入分析，期望得出较有代表性的结论；有针对性地回顾、分析了近年来国内外饮食指南及相关文献，发现限制饱和脂肪酸及反式脂肪酸的摄入，增加膳食纤维的摄入对预防心血管疾病的发生有非常重要的意义，而各种膳食补充剂对预防心血管疾病的证据不足，不应当过度推荐。

关键词: 饮食习惯, 膳食疗法, 心血管疾病, 胆固醇, 脂肪酸类,不饱和