Malaria is a serious global public health issue that has infected approximately 249 million people, posing a significant threat to human life and health. As the incidence of cardiovascular complications among malaria patients, such as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure, continues to rise, it is essential to understand the potential mechanisms behind these complications. This article explores the occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications in malaria from various perspectives, including complement activation, cell adhesion, endothelial activation and injury, inflammatory response, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and gut microbiota dysregulation. By better understanding these mechanisms, targeted intervention measures can be taken to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications and treat this complication effectively, ultimately lowering the disability and mortality rates associated with this complication.

疟疾作为全球重大的公共卫生事件之一，全球疟疾患病总人数约为2.49亿，严重威胁了人类的生命健康。随着疟疾人群中心血管疾病并发症的发生率上升，尤其是急性心肌梗死和心力衰竭。因此，有必要探讨疟疾心血管疾病并发症可能的发病机制。本文通过补体激活、细胞黏附、内皮活化和损伤、炎症反应、凋亡、细胞焦亡和肠道菌群失调等方面来探讨疟疾心血管疾病并发症的发生和发展，从而加深对该并发症的认识以及更好地根据不同的机制采取靶向性干预措施减少疟疾心血管并发症的发生或者治疗该并发症，从而减少该并发症的致残率和死亡率。