Abstract: Objective　To know ophthalmic testing status of the disabled in Shanghai and provide information of prevention,treatment and health guidance of eye disease for the disabled.Methods　Through the "Comprehensive Information Platform for Rehabilitation" of Shanghai Disabled Persons’ Federation,75 336 ophthalmic examination data of the disabled were collected from Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center from January 2011 to August 2014,and from Shanghai Training Center of Vocation and Rehabilitation from January 2013 to June 2014（45 084 in the former institution and 30 252 in the latter）.The basic demographic situation of the disabled,disabled characteristics and ophthalmologic examination data were mainly collected.The detection results of ophthalmological abnormalities of the disabled with different genders,ages and disease characteristics were compared and analyzed.Results　145 kinds of ophthalmologic abnormalities were detected,and the top three detection rate of ophthalmologic abnormalities were fundus arteriosclerosis（37.37%,28 153/75 336）,ametropia（16.47%,12 406/75 336）,and cataract（15.77%,11 879/75 336） respectively.（1） There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,macular degeneration,retinopathy and fundus lesions of the disabled with different genders（P<0.05）;there was no significant difference in the detection rate of blindness and strabismus（P>0.05）.（2）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametroia ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions among the disabled with different ages（P<0.05）.（3）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions among the disabled with different disability types（P<0.05）.（4）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,macular degeneration and strabismus among the disabled with different levels of limbs disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions in the disabled with different levels of vision disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,cataract,pterygium and strabismus among the disabled with different levels of intellectual disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,cataract,ametropia,pterygium,vitreous opacity and macular degeneration among the disabled with different levels of hearing disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis and ametropia among the disabled with different levels of mental disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of ametropia,vitreous opacity,macular degeneration,retinopathy and fundus lesions among the disabled with different levels of multiple disability（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The detection rate of ophthalmic abnormalities of the disabled in Shanghai is high,and there are differences in the detection rate of ophthalmologic abnormalities among the disabled with different demographic characteristics.It is suggested that ophthalmological health examination should be carried out to help the disabled to form good living habits.

Key words: Disabled persons, Health status, Eye diseases, Shanghai

摘要： 目的　了解上海市残疾人的眼科检查情况，为残疾人眼病预防、治疗及健康指导提供依据。方法　通过上海市残疾人联合会的“康复综合信息平台”，收集2011年1月—2014年8月上海市阳光康复中心和2013年1月—2014年6月上海市康复职业培训中心的残疾人眼科健康体检数据75 336份（上海市阳光康复中心45 084份，上海市康复职业培训中心30 252份）。主要收集内容包括残疾人的基本人口学情况、残疾特征及眼科体检结果。比较并分析不同性别、年龄、疾病特征残疾人的眼科异常结果检出情况。结果　共检出眼科异常结果145种，检出率排在前3位的分别为眼底动脉硬化（37.37%，28 153/75 336）、屈光不正（16.47%，12 406/75 336）、白内障（15.77%，11 879/75 336）。（1）不同性别残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；失明、斜视检出率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。（2）不同年龄残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（3）不同残疾类型残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（4）不同等级肢体残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、黄斑变性、斜视检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级视力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级智力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、白内障、胬肉、斜视检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级听力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级精神残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级多重残疾残疾人的屈光不正、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　上海市残疾人的眼科异常结果检出率较高，不同人口学特征残疾人的眼科异常结果检出率间存在差异。建议有针对性地对残疾人进行眼科健康检查，帮助其形成良好生活习惯。

关键词: 残疾人, 健康状况, 眼疾病, 上海