Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of self-management of hypertensive patients in Beijing rural area. Methods Using convenience sampling method, we enrolled 209 hypertensive patients in Jingzhuang Town, Yanqing County, Beijing. From May to August in 2014, questionnaire surveys were conducted, and the questionnaire content included general condition, the status of education or suggestion on self-management of hypertensive patients provided by health workers, the status of patients′ self-management, emotional disorder state and influencing factors for self-management. Height, body weight and blood pressure were measured on field. A total of 209 questionnaires were distributed, and 209 effective questionnaires were collected with an effective returning rate of 100.0%. Results Among the 209 hypertensive patients, 154 (73.7%) patients measured height, body weight and blood pressure, and there were 79 (51.3%) patients with normal body weight, 45 (29.2%) patients with overweight and 30 (19.5%) patients with obesity; there were 52 (33.8%) patients with normal blood pressure, 66 (42.9%) patients with grade-1 hypertension, 30 (19.5%) patients with grade-2 hypertension, and 6 (3.8%) patients with grade-3 hypertension. Among 209 hypertension patients, the numbers of patients who had not received education or suggestion of self-management in the aspects of diet, exercise, management between work and rest, emotion management, blood pressure monitoring, and compliance with prescribed medication were 69 (33.0%), 85 (40.7%), 135 (64.6%), 116 (55.5%), 104 (49.8%) and 43 (20.6%). Among the 209 hypertensive patients, the number of patients who followed doctors′ advise on hypertensive drugs and cigarette quitting and alcohol limit were 126 (60.3%) and 118 (56.5%); anxiety assessment result was 152 cases (72.7%) "asymptomatic", depression assessment result was 98 cases (46.9%) "no symptoms". In terms of the influencing factors for the self-management of hypertensive patients, there were 103 (49.3%) patients who lack the knowledge of self-care, 92 (44.0%) patients who thought it troublesome to follow all kinds of matters, and 88 (42.1%) patients who took economic factors into consideration. Conclusion Hypertensive patients in Beijing rural area are in a poor state of disease control and self-management, and health workers put inadequate attention on the education on self-management. Therefore, self-management strategies that are applicable in rural areas should be made as soon as possible.

Key words: Hypertension, Self-management, Rural area

摘要： 目的 了解北京郊县农村地区高血压患者的自我管理现状。方法 采用方便抽样法，选取北京市延庆县井庄镇的 209 例高血压患者为调查对象。2014 年 5—8 月，采用调查问卷进行调查。问卷主要内容包括：患者的一般情况，高血压患者接受医务人员提供的自我管理教育或建议的情况，患者的自我管理情况，情绪状态及自我管理的影响因素，并现场测量身高、体质量、血压。共发放问卷 209 份，回收有效问卷 209 份，有效回收率为 100.0%。结果 209 例高血压患者中，有 154 例（73.7%）测量了身高、体质量、血压，其中体质量正常 79 例（51.3%），超重 45 例（29.2%），肥胖 30 例（19.5%）；血压正常 52 例（33.8%），1 级高血压 66 例（42.9%），2 级高血压 30 例（19.5%），3 级高血压 6 例（3.8%）。209 例高血压患者中，从未接受过任何饮食、运动、工作与休息管理、情绪管理、血压监测、遵医嘱服药方面的自我管理教育或建议者分别为 69 例（33.0%）、85 例（40.7%）、135 例（64.6%）、116 例（55.5%）、104 例（49.8%）、43 例（20.6%）。209 例高血压患者中，在过去 7d 内，总是能够遵医嘱正确使用降压药、戒烟限酒者分别为 126 例（60.3%）、118 例（56.5%）；焦虑评估结果，152 例（72.7%）“无症状”，抑郁评估结果，98 例（46.9%）“无症状”。针对高血压患者自我管理的影响因素，选择缺乏自我保健知识 103 例（49.3%），嫌麻烦不能依从 92 例（44.0%），经济因素 88 例（42.1%）。结论 北京郊县农村地区高血压患者的疾病控制状况不佳，自我管理现状较差，医务人员对高血压患者的自我管理教育重视不够，亟须制定适用于郊县农村地区高血压患者的自我管理策略。

关键词: 高血压, 自我管理, 农村