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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Residents from Pudong New Area,Shanghai
- LIU Xiao-lin, ZHOU Yi, RUAN Xiao-nan, ZHOU Xian-feng, YU Si-yu, QIU Hua, WU Kang, BI Wen-jie, RUI Xin-yi, WANG Xiao-nan, KE Ju-zhong, XIAO Lin-hai, HAO Li-peng, SUN Qiao
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2016, 19(30):
3742-3750.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.30.022
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease （CKD） among residents from Pudong New Area,Shanghai.Methods Based on the former study in 2008,10 657 permanent residents in Pudong New Area who met inclusion criteria,were selected as study subjects by multistage sampling in 2013.The contents of investigation included residents’ basic information such as gender,age,education level,sitting time,sleeping time，status of physical activities,diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia,central obesity,and hyperuricemia.Physical and biochemical examination were also used in this study.The prevalence of albuminuria,leucocyturia,haematuria,reduced renal function and CKD were calculated.CKD definition included kidney injury （albuminuria,leucocyturia,haematuria）,or reduced renal function〔eGFR <60 ml·min-1·（1.73 m2）-1〕,or self-reported clinical diagnosis.The standardized prevalence was adjusted according to national population composition 2010.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD prevalence.Results 9 653 respondents had information about the ending of CKD among 10 657 respondents.Among 9 653 efficient respondents,3 550 （36.78%） were male and 6 103 （63.22%） were female.There were significant differences in age,education level,sitting time,sleeping time,physical activities,prevalence of diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia,central obesity and hyperuricemia between males and females（P<0.05）.The prevalence and the standardized prevalence of albuminuria was 12.10% （867/7 164） and 9.22%,respectively.There was no significant difference in prevalence of albuminuria among groups with different gender,sleeping time,and status of physical activities （P>0.05）.There were significant differences in prevalence of albuminuria among groups with different age,education level,sitting time,status of diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia,central obesity and hyperuricemia （P<0.05）.The prevalence of albuminuria increased with increased age（χ2trend=73.112,P<0.05） and decreased with increased education level（χ2trend=60.559,P<0.05）.The prevalence and the standardized prevalence of leucocyturia was 8.48% （482/5 684） and 6.21%,respectively.There were significant differences in prevalence of leucocyturia among groups with different gender,age,education level,sitting time,status of hyperuricemia （P<0.05）.The prevalence of leucocyturia increased with increased age in females（χ2trend=14.769,P<0.05）,while this tendency was not observed in males（χ2trend=3.257,P=0.071）.The prevalence of leucocyturia decreased with increased education level （χ2trend=17.272,P<0.05）.The prevalence and the standardized prevalence of haematuria was 11.89% （711/5 979） and 10.27%,respectively.There were significant differences in prevalence of haematuria among groups with different gender,age,education level and sleeping time （P<0.05）.The prevalence of haematuria increased with increased age in males （χ2trend=37.939,P<0.05）,while this tendency was not observed in females （χ2trend,P=0.199）.The prevalence of haematuria decreased with increased education level（χ2trend=8.685,P<0.05）.The prevalence and the standardrized prevalence of reduced renal function was 1.40% （135/9 619） and 0.80%,respectively.There were significant differences in prevalence of reduced renal function among groups with different age,education level,sitting time,status of diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia,central obesity and hyperuricemia （P<0.05）.The prevalence of reduced renal function increased with increased age （χ2trend=108.479,P<0.05） and decreased with increased education level （χ2trend=23.961,P<0.05）.The prevalence and the standardized prevalence of CKD was 19.88% （1 919/9 653） and 15.65%,respectively.There was no significant difference in prevalence of CKD among groups with different sitting time and status of physical activities （P>0.05）.There were significant differences in prevalence of CKD among groups with different gender,age,education level,sleeping time,status of diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia,central obesity and hyperuricemia （P<0.05）.The prevalence of CKD increased with increased age both in males and females（χ2trend in males and females was 86.465 and 53.838,P<0.05） and decreased with increased education level （χ2trend=65.358,P<0.05）.According to multiple Logistic regression analysis results,factors associated with CKD included gender,age,status of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia （P<0.05）.Conclusion The prevalence of CKD in Pudong New Area of Shanghai is high and CKD is becoming a public health problem.Gender,age,status of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia are factors associated with CKD.In order to restraint the progress of CKD and reduce the medical burden of individuals and society,early prevention and treatment of CKD should be paid attention to.
