Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by its chronicity and frequent relapses. A large number of studies have confirmed that a scientific and reasonable diet can help alleviate the condition and improve the prognosis. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of dietary management behaviors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is of great significance for their health management.

To investigate the current status and influencing factors of dietary management behaviors of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and to provide reference for healthcare professionals in formulating specialized and targeted intervention measures.

A convergent mixed research design was adopted. In the quantitative component, convenience sampling was used to select patients with inflammatory bowel disease who visited the outpatient department or were hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Municipal Hospital from August 2024 to April 2025 for a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were used to assess patients' dietary consistency beliefs, temporal valuation of dietary management behaviors, dietary management intention, behavioral prepotency for dietary management, self-regulatory capacity, and dietary management behaviors. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the influencing factors of their dietary management behaviors. In qualitative part, purposive sampling was used to select 22 patients for semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was conducted on the interview data.

The quantitative study included a total of 278 patients. The dietary beliefs (β=0.025, 95%CI=0.003-0.065) and the temporal valuation (β=0.150, 95%CI=0.084-0.232) could indirectly influence dietary management behaviors by affecting dietary management intentions. Behavioral prepotency (β=0.422, 95%CI=0.294-0.540) and self-regulation capacity (β=0.165, 95%CI=0.069-0.269) could directly affect dietary management behaviors (P<0.05). A total of 13 themes were extracted in the four aspects of motivation, the temporal event, outcome orientation, as well as needs and predicaments. Quantitative and qualitative research results mutually validate and complement each other at the motivational level; qualitative research results supplement quantitative research results at both the temporal event level and the outcome orientation aspects; and serves as an inspiration for quantitative research at the needs and predicament level.

The dietary management behaviors of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are not satisfactory and influenced by multiple factors at the individual and environment levels. Healthcare professionals need to timely identify the influencing factors and formulate targeted intervention plans to improve the prognosis of the disease, and enhance the quality of life of these patients.

炎症性肠病迁延不愈且易反复发作，大量研究证实科学合理的饮食有助于促进该病病情缓解、改善预后，因此探究炎症性肠病患者饮食管理行为的影响因素对患者的健康管理具有重要意义。

调查炎症性肠病患者饮食管理行为现状及影响因素，为医疗保健人员制订专业化、针对性干预措施提供参考依据。

采用聚敛式混合研究设计，定量研究采用便利抽样方法，选取2024年8月—2025年4月于青岛大学附属医院、青岛市市立医院消化内科门诊就诊或住院的炎症性肠病患者作为研究对象，对患者饮食一致性信念、患者对于饮食管理行为的时限性效价、饮食管理意图、饮食管理的行为优势、自我调节能力、饮食管理行为进行问卷调查，采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型对其饮食管理行为的影响因素进行分析；定性研究采用目的抽样法，在定量研究对象中选取22例患者进行半结构式访谈，采用主题分析法对访谈资料进行分析。

定量研究共纳入278例患者。定量研究结果显示，炎症性肠病患者的饮食信念（β=0.025，95%CI=0.003~0.065）和时限性效价（β=0.150，95%CI=0.084~0.232）可以通过影响饮食管理意图来间接影响饮食管理行为，行为优势（β=0.422，95%CI=0.294~0.540）、自我调节能力（β=0.165，95%CI=0.069~0.269）可以直接影响饮食管理行为（P<0.05）。定性研究结果显示，共提炼动机范围、时限性事件、结局导向、需求与困境4个层面的13个主题。混合研究结果显示，定量与定性研究结果在动机范围层面互相验证和补充；定性研究结果在时限性事件、结局导向层面补充了定量研究结果，在需求与困境层面对定量研究起到启发作用。

炎症性肠病患者饮食管理行为表现不佳，受自身和环境多重因素的影响。医护人员需早期识别其相关影响因素，制订针对性的干预方案，以改善疾病预后，提升其生活质量。