Abstract: Background　Since the comprehensive promotion of the establishment of public health committees in rural (residential) communities (hereinafter referred to as the community public health committees) in 2021, full coverage has basically been achieved across various regions. However, issues such as insufficient personnel allocation, weak professional capabilities, and low efficiency in executing directive tasks remain widespread. The overall level and differential characteristics of their structured capacity are still unclear. Objective　To assess the current status of the structured capacity of community public health committees in Chengdu, identify their potential categories, and analyze the main influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for precisely enhancing the capacity of grassroots public health services. Methods　From March to July 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to select 689 staff members from 76 village (neighborhood) public health committees across 8 subdistrict offices in Chengdu. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate five dimensions: knowledge reserve, professional skills, practical ability, professional attitude and values, and organizational support and resource guarantee. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify capacity levels, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to explore influencing factors. Results　LPA identified three potential capacity profiles: the practical ability group (n=206), the comprehensive ability group (n=209), and the knowledge reserve group (n=274). The mean structured competency scores for each profile were (65.5±1.7), (74.6±3.6), and (57.2±1.9), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, taking the comprehensive competence group as the reference, grid workers were more likely to be classified into the practical competence group and knowledge reserve group than personnel in other positions ［OR(95%CI) values were 1.84(1.16-2.94) and 1.94(1.25-3.01), respectively, P<0.05］; participants with senior high school education or below had a higher probability of belonging to the knowledge reserve group compared with those holding bachelor's degree or above ［OR(95%CI)=2.24(1.23-4.09), P<0.05］; staff working in the fourth-ring areas were less likely to fall into the practical competence group and knowledge reserve group relative to those from the first-ring areas ［OR(95%CI) values were 0.45(0.26-0.79) and 0.39(0.23-0.66), respectively, P<0.05］. Conclusion　There are significant group differences in the structured capacity of community public health committees in Chengdu. Type of position, work area, and education level are the main influencing factors. It is recommended to implement regionally differentiated training strategies and carry out position- and education-level stratified empowerment programs to systematically enhance the capacity of grassroots public health services.

Key words: Public health committee, Structured capacity, Latent profile analysis, Logistic regression, Root cause analysis

摘要： 背景　自2021年全面推进村（居）民委员会公共卫生委员会（以下简称公共卫生委员会）建设以来，各地已基本实现全覆盖，但仍普遍存在人员配置不足、专业能力薄弱、指令性任务执行效率低等问题，其结构化能力整体水平与差异特征尚不明确。目的　评估成都市公共卫生委员会人员的结构化能力，识别其潜在类别，并分析其影响因素，为精准提升基层公共卫生服务能力提供依据。方法　于2025年3—7月，采用方便抽样法选取成都市8个街道办事处76个公共卫生委员会的689名工作人员作为调查对象。通过问卷调查，从知识储备、专业技能、实践能力、职业态度与价值观、组织支持与资源保障5个维度评估人员的结构化能力。采用潜在剖面分析（LPA）对人员的结构化能力进行分类，采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨其影响因素。结果　LPA识别出3类潜在能力剖面：实践能力组（n=206）、综合能力组（n=209）和知识储备组（n=274），各剖面结构化能力得分分别为（65.5±1.7）分、（74.6±3.6）分、（57.2±1.9）分。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，以综合能力组为参照，网格员归入实践能力组、知识储备组的概率高于其他职务人员［OR（95%CI）分别为1.84（1.16~2.94）、1.94（1.25~3.01），P<0.05］，高中及以下学历者归入知识储备组的概率高于本科及以上学历者［OR（95%CI）=2.24（1.23~4.09），P<0.05］，工作区域在四圈层者归入实践能力组、知识储备组的概率低于一圈层者［OR（95%CI）分别为0.45（0.26~0.79）、0.39（0.23~0.66），P<0.05］。结论　成都市公共卫生委员会人员的结构化能力存在明显群体差异，职务、学历、工作区域是主要影响因素。建议实施区域差异化培训策略，并开展职务与学历分层赋能计划，以系统性提升基层公共卫生服务能力。

关键词: 公共卫生委员会, 结构化能力, 潜在剖面分析, Logistic 回归, 影响因素分析