Emaciation is a clinical manifestation caused by multiple factors, characterized by its complex etiology and wide range of associated diseases, posing significant challenges for healthcare professionals in terms of evaluation and management. Its intrinsic linkage to aging-related comorbidities and the imperative for multidisciplinary collaboration further underscore the necessity and urgency of establishing standardized diagnostic and therapeutic consensus guidelines. This consensus provides a comprehensive overview of the definition, epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of emaciation. It systematically outlines diagnostic approaches, including detailed history-taking, physical examinations, and auxiliary tests. Furthermore, it elaborates on treatment principles and measures, as well as management strategies tailored for specific populations. Emphasis is placed on the importance of community-based management, encompassing follow-up, referral systems, three-level prevention strategies, and health education. The consensus aims to enhance clinicians' capabilities in diagnosing and managing emaciation, improve patients' quality of life, and reduce the healthcare and economic burden on families and society.

消瘦是一种由多因素引起的临床表现，病因复杂，涉及的疾病范围广泛，由于其评估与处置对医务人员要求较高，且与老龄化相关疾病及多学科协作需求密切关联，更凸显规范化诊疗共识的必要性与紧迫性。本共识综合了消瘦的定义、流行病学特征、病因及发病机制，全面总结了消瘦的诊断方法，包括详细问诊、体格检查和辅助检查。同时，从治疗原则、治疗措施到特殊人群的管理，提出了详细的建议。共识还强调了社区管理的重要性，包括随访、转诊、三级预防及健康教育，以期提高临床医生对消瘦患者的诊疗水平和患者的生命质量，降低家庭和社会的医疗负担。