Chinese General Practice ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1283-1293.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0014
Special Issue: 指南/共识最新文章合集; 睡眠研究最新文章合集; 老年人群健康最新文章合集; 睡眠问题专题研究; 老年问题最新文章合集
• Guide·Consensus • Next Articles
Chinese Consensus on Diagnosis and Assessment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Older Adults
*Corresponding author:CHEN Yujie,Chief physician;E-mail:M17761273315@163.com
Received:
2022-01-18
Revised:
2022-02-16
Published:
2022-04-15
Online:
2022-03-28
通讯作者:
陈宇洁
CLC Number:
Chinese Association of Geriatric Sleep Medicine, Chinese Geriatrics Society.
Chinese Consensus on Diagnosis and Assessment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Older Adults [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(11): 1283-1293.
中国老年医学学会睡眠医学分会. 老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征诊断评估专家共识[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(11): 1283-1293.
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0014
序号 | 项目 | 男性 | 女性 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 体质量下降:过去1年中,意外出现体质量下降>10磅(4.5 kg) | - | - |
2 | 行走时间(距离为4.57 m) | 身高≤173 cm:≥7 s 身高>173 cm:≥6 s | 身高≤159 cm:≥7 s 身高>159 cm:≥6 s |
3 | 握力 | BMI≤24.0 kg/m2:≤29 kg BMI 24.1~26.0 kg/m2:≤30 kg BMI 26.1~28.0 kg/m2:≤30 kg BMI>28.0 kg/m2:≤32 kg | BMI≤23.0 kg/m2:≤17 kg BMI 23.1~26.0 kg/m2:≤17.3 kg BMI 26.1~29.0 kg/m2:≤18 kg BMI>29.0 kg/m2:≤21 kg |
4 | 体力活动(MLTA) | <383 kcal/周(约散步2.5 h) | <270 kcal/周 |
5 | 疲乏 | CES-D的任何一个问题得分2~3分 您过去的1周内以下现象发生了几天? (1)我感觉我做每一件事都需要经过努力; (2)我不能向前行走。 0分:<1 d;1分:1~2 d;2分:3~4 d;3分:>4 d | - |
Table 1 Fried's frailty phenotype
序号 | 项目 | 男性 | 女性 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 体质量下降:过去1年中,意外出现体质量下降>10磅(4.5 kg) | - | - |
2 | 行走时间(距离为4.57 m) | 身高≤173 cm:≥7 s 身高>173 cm:≥6 s | 身高≤159 cm:≥7 s 身高>159 cm:≥6 s |
3 | 握力 | BMI≤24.0 kg/m2:≤29 kg BMI 24.1~26.0 kg/m2:≤30 kg BMI 26.1~28.0 kg/m2:≤30 kg BMI>28.0 kg/m2:≤32 kg | BMI≤23.0 kg/m2:≤17 kg BMI 23.1~26.0 kg/m2:≤17.3 kg BMI 26.1~29.0 kg/m2:≤18 kg BMI>29.0 kg/m2:≤21 kg |
4 | 体力活动(MLTA) | <383 kcal/周(约散步2.5 h) | <270 kcal/周 |
5 | 疲乏 | CES-D的任何一个问题得分2~3分 您过去的1周内以下现象发生了几天? (1)我感觉我做每一件事都需要经过努力; (2)我不能向前行走。 0分:<1 d;1分:1~2 d;2分:3~4 d;3分:>4 d | - |
PaCO2增高 | PaCO2正常 |
---|---|
呼吸衰竭 | 日间嗜睡 |
肺源性心脏病 | 失眠(不宁睡眠) |
红细胞增多症 | 轻度或间歇性打鼾 |
日间嗜睡 | 夜间醒觉(喘憋/气急) |
打鼾 | 正常体型 |
Table 2 Comparison of clinical features between hypercapnic and non-hypercapnic central sleep apnea
PaCO2增高 | PaCO2正常 |
---|---|
呼吸衰竭 | 日间嗜睡 |
肺源性心脏病 | 失眠(不宁睡眠) |
红细胞增多症 | 轻度或间歇性打鼾 |
日间嗜睡 | 夜间醒觉(喘憋/气急) |
打鼾 | 正常体型 |
参数 | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ |
---|---|---|---|---|
脑电图(EEG) | + | + | - | - |
眼电图(EOG) | + | + | - | - |
心电图(ECG/HR) | + | + | + | - |
肌电图(EMG) | + | + | - | - |
呼吸气流 | + | + | + | - |
呼吸努力 | + | + | + | - |
脉搏血氧饱和度 | + | + | + | + |
技术员监控 | + | - | - | - |
导联数(个) | 14~16 | ≥7 | ≥4 | 1~3a |
区分睡眠和觉醒状态 | + | + | - | - |
测量AHI | + | + | -b | - |
Table 3 Comparison of the features between four sleep diagnostic devices
参数 | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ |
---|---|---|---|---|
脑电图(EEG) | + | + | - | - |
眼电图(EOG) | + | + | - | - |
心电图(ECG/HR) | + | + | + | - |
肌电图(EMG) | + | + | - | - |
呼吸气流 | + | + | + | - |
呼吸努力 | + | + | + | - |
脉搏血氧饱和度 | + | + | + | + |
技术员监控 | + | - | - | - |
导联数(个) | 14~16 | ≥7 | ≥4 | 1~3a |
区分睡眠和觉醒状态 | + | + | - | - |
测量AHI | + | + | -b | - |
以下情况下有无打盹、瞌睡的可能性 | 从不 | 很少 | 有时 | 经常 |
---|---|---|---|---|
坐着阅读时 | ||||
看电视时 | ||||
在公共场所坐着不动时(如在剧场或开会) | ||||
长时间坐车中间不休息(超过1 h) | ||||
坐着与他人谈话时 | ||||
饭后休息时(未饮酒时) | ||||
开车等红绿灯时 | ||||
下午静卧休息时 | ||||
总分 |
Table 4 Epworth Sleepiness Scale
以下情况下有无打盹、瞌睡的可能性 | 从不 | 很少 | 有时 | 经常 |
---|---|---|---|---|
坐着阅读时 | ||||
看电视时 | ||||
在公共场所坐着不动时(如在剧场或开会) | ||||
长时间坐车中间不休息(超过1 h) | ||||
坐着与他人谈话时 | ||||
饭后休息时(未饮酒时) | ||||
开车等红绿灯时 | ||||
下午静卧休息时 | ||||
总分 |
条目 | 具体内容 | 是 | 否 |
---|---|---|---|
打鼾 | 打鼾时大声吗? | ||
疲倦 | 是否经常在日间感到疲倦、疲劳或昏昏欲睡? | ||
观察到呼吸事件 | 是否有人察觉到您在睡眠中出现呼吸暂停或窒息? | ||
血压 | 是否患有高血压?或是否正在接受高血压治疗? | ||
体质指数 | 体质指数是否超过35 kg/m2? | ||
年龄 | 年龄是否>50岁? | ||
颈围 | 颈围是否>40 cm?(喉结处的颈围) | ||
性别 | 性别是否为男性? |
Table 5 STOP-BANG questionnaire
条目 | 具体内容 | 是 | 否 |
---|---|---|---|
打鼾 | 打鼾时大声吗? | ||
疲倦 | 是否经常在日间感到疲倦、疲劳或昏昏欲睡? | ||
观察到呼吸事件 | 是否有人察觉到您在睡眠中出现呼吸暂停或窒息? | ||
血压 | 是否患有高血压?或是否正在接受高血压治疗? | ||
体质指数 | 体质指数是否超过35 kg/m2? | ||
年龄 | 年龄是否>50岁? | ||
颈围 | 颈围是否>40 cm?(喉结处的颈围) | ||
性别 | 性别是否为男性? |
条目 | |
---|---|
基本资料 | 身高,体质量,年龄,性别 |
第一部分 | 1.您睡觉打呼噜吗?(最好问家人或同屋的人) A是 B否 C不知道 2.如果您睡觉打呼噜—您的鼾声有多响亮? A比正常呼吸时响 B同说话时一样响 C比说话更响 D非常响,其他房间都能听到 E不知道 3.您打呼噜的次数多吗? A几乎每天 B一周3~4次 C一周1~2次 D一个月1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 4.您的鼾声影响其他人吗? A是的 B不影响 C不知道 5.在您睡觉时,您的爱人、家属或朋友注意到您有呼吸间 歇/停止现象吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 |
第二部分 | 6.您早晨醒来后感觉睡觉不解乏吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 7.白天您还会有疲劳、乏力或精力不够吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 8.当你开车的时候你会打盹或者睡觉吗? A是 B否 如果是 9.这种现象多吗? A几乎每天 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 |
第三部分 | 10.您有高血压吗? A有 B没有/不知道 |
Table 6 Berlin questionnaire
条目 | |
---|---|
基本资料 | 身高,体质量,年龄,性别 |
第一部分 | 1.您睡觉打呼噜吗?(最好问家人或同屋的人) A是 B否 C不知道 2.如果您睡觉打呼噜—您的鼾声有多响亮? A比正常呼吸时响 B同说话时一样响 C比说话更响 D非常响,其他房间都能听到 E不知道 3.您打呼噜的次数多吗? A几乎每天 B一周3~4次 C一周1~2次 D一个月1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 4.您的鼾声影响其他人吗? A是的 B不影响 C不知道 5.在您睡觉时,您的爱人、家属或朋友注意到您有呼吸间 歇/停止现象吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 |
第二部分 | 6.您早晨醒来后感觉睡觉不解乏吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 7.白天您还会有疲劳、乏力或精力不够吗? A几乎每天都有 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 8.当你开车的时候你会打盹或者睡觉吗? A是 B否 如果是 9.这种现象多吗? A几乎每天 B一周3~4次 C一个月1~2次 D一周1~2次 E没有或几乎没有/不知道 |
第三部分 | 10.您有高血压吗? A有 B没有/不知道 |
方法 | 证据质量 | AHI截断值(次/h) | 灵敏度(%) | 特异度(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅱ类诊断检测仪 | 中等质量 | 5 | 88~94 | 36~77 |
15 | 79~100 | 71~100 | ||
30 | 61~77 | 96~98 | ||
Ⅲ类诊断检测仪 | 中等质量 | 5 | 83~97 | 48~100 |
15 | 64~100 | 41~100 | ||
30 | 70~96 | 79~100 | ||
Ⅳ类诊断检测仪 | ||||
≥2个导联 | 中等质量 | 5 | 75~100 | 43~100 |
15 | 67~98 | 50~100 | ||
30 | 80~100 | 74~98 | ||
1个导联 | 中等质量 | 5 | 27~100 | 67~100 |
15 | 39~100 | 32~100 | ||
30 | 18~100 | 29~100 | ||
柏林问卷 | 低质量 | 5 | 37~93 | 17~95 |
15 | 40~83 | 20~97 | ||
30 | 17~87 | 37~77 | ||
ESS量表 | 低质量 | 5 | 24~96 | 29~89 |
15 | 21~50 | 43~83 | ||
30 | 36~50 | 70~79 | ||
STOP-BANG量表 | 低质量 | 5 | 36~97 | 18~89 |
15 | 44~99 | 11~77 | ||
30 | 56~100 | 11~74 |
Table 7 Comparison of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of assessment tools for sleep apnea syndrome in older adults
方法 | 证据质量 | AHI截断值(次/h) | 灵敏度(%) | 特异度(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅱ类诊断检测仪 | 中等质量 | 5 | 88~94 | 36~77 |
15 | 79~100 | 71~100 | ||
30 | 61~77 | 96~98 | ||
Ⅲ类诊断检测仪 | 中等质量 | 5 | 83~97 | 48~100 |
15 | 64~100 | 41~100 | ||
30 | 70~96 | 79~100 | ||
Ⅳ类诊断检测仪 | ||||
≥2个导联 | 中等质量 | 5 | 75~100 | 43~100 |
15 | 67~98 | 50~100 | ||
30 | 80~100 | 74~98 | ||
1个导联 | 中等质量 | 5 | 27~100 | 67~100 |
15 | 39~100 | 32~100 | ||
30 | 18~100 | 29~100 | ||
柏林问卷 | 低质量 | 5 | 37~93 | 17~95 |
15 | 40~83 | 20~97 | ||
30 | 17~87 | 37~77 | ||
ESS量表 | 低质量 | 5 | 24~96 | 29~89 |
15 | 21~50 | 43~83 | ||
30 | 36~50 | 70~79 | ||
STOP-BANG量表 | 低质量 | 5 | 36~97 | 18~89 |
15 | 44~99 | 11~77 | ||
30 | 56~100 | 11~74 |
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