Abstract: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates，causing a heavy socio-economic burden worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the main type of lung cancer with a poor prognosis，but most early lung adenocarcinomas cases may have a high rate of 5-year survival. So it is vital to early evaluate condition and prognosis，and based on this，to choose an appropriate personalized regimen for early lung adenocarcinoma patients. And the research on key oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in early lung cancer has become a hot topic. We reviewed five key genes in lung cancer，including four oncogenes （EGFR，ALK，ROS1 and KRAS） and a tumor-suppressor gene（TP53），with a description of clinical features，prognosis evaluation and targeted therapies of early lung adenocarcinoma patients with mutations of the genes，and a summary of other small molecular biomarkers related to the disease，with a view to advancing general practitioners' understanding of key genes related to early lung adenocarcinoma，thereby improving the personalized management of these patients.

Key words: Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung；Lung adenocarcinoma；Driver gene；Tumor suppressor gene；Review

摘要： 肺癌在恶性肿瘤中具有极高的发病率及致死率，给全球造成了沉重的社会经济负担，而肺腺癌是肺癌的主要类型。尽管肺腺癌患者预后差，但大部分早期肺腺癌具有较高的5年生存期。因此，对早期肺腺癌患者进行个体化评估、判断预后以及选择个体化治疗方案非常重要，同时肺癌关键驱动基因及抑癌基因的相关研究也引起了热议。本文综述了肺癌的五个关键基因，即驱动基因〔表皮生长因子（EGFR）、间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）、c-ros原癌基因1络氨酸激酶（ROS1）、Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒基因同源物（KRAS）〕及抑癌基因（TP53），对其在早期肺腺癌患者中的临床特征、预后、治疗及与其他生物小分子关联进行描述及总结，以期提高全科医生对于早期肺腺癌关键基因的认识，更好地对早期肺腺癌患者进行个体化管理。

关键词: 癌, 非小细胞肺；肺腺癌；驱动基因；抑癌基因；综述