中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (33): 4125-4131.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0711

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国中老年人血脂水平与肌少症性肥胖发病风险的相关性:一项队列研究

徐春艳1,2, 贺玲1, 郭灿辉1,2, 赖胡榕1,2, 廖彩凤1,2, 涂怀军1,*()   

  1. 1.330006 江西省南昌市,南昌大学第二附属医院老年医学科
    2.330006 江西省南昌市,南昌大学江西医学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-09-17
  • 通讯作者: 涂怀军

  • 作者贡献:

    徐春艳提出研究理念,负责数据整理,统计分析,论文撰写;贺玲负责数据整理,提供统计学设计思路,协助论文修改;郭灿辉负责数据整理,分析可行性;赖胡榕负责数据整理,统计学设计;廖彩凤负责数据整理;涂怀军负责文章质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责;所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。

  • 基金资助:
    江西省科技厅自然科学基金青年项目(20224BAB216014); 南昌大学第二附属医院院内资助项目(2023efyB01)

Associations of Lipid Levels and the Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese: a Cohort Study

XU Chunyan1,2, HE Ling1, GUO Canhui1,2, LAI Hurong1,2, LIAO Caifeng1,2, TU Huaijun1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Geratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
    2. Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2025-11-20 Online:2025-09-17
  • Contact: TU Huaijun

摘要: 背景 随着人口老龄化问题日益加剧,老年综合征的发病率及其影响逐渐受到了广泛关注,肌少症性肥胖(SO)作为其中之一也成为近期研究的热点。研究表明,血脂水平可能是SO的重要影响因素,然而目前关于血脂成分与SO相关性的研究尚未得出一致的结论。 目的 探究中国中老年人血脂水平与SO发病风险之间的关联。 方法 基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011—2015年的数据进行队列研究,纳入2011年基线无SO的中老年人,将研究人群基线总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)作为暴露因素,将2013、2015年发生SO作为结局事件。SO的定义结合了肌少症和肥胖的双重标准,根据经体质量调整的骨骼肌质量(ASM/W)来确定肌少症,肥胖定义为BMI≥25 kg/m2。构建COX比例风险回归模型分析基线TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C与SO发病风险之间的关系,并采用限制性立方样条模型检验可能的非线性关联。 结果 共纳入5 268名研究对象,中位年龄为58(52,64)岁,累积随访20 592人年,SO新发病例为382例,累积发病率为7.25%,其中男性SO发病率为5.22%(128/2 451),女性SO发病率为9.02%(254/2 817)。完全调整后的COX比例风险回归模型结果显示,与TC最低四分位数Q1组相比,Q4(HR=1.35,95%CI=1.00~1.82)组中老年人SO发病风险明显升高;与TG Q1组相比,Q2(HR=1.55,95%CI=1.08~2.21)、Q3(HR=2.07,95%CI=1.48~2.90)、Q4(HR=2.53,95%CI=1.82~3.52)组中老年人SO发病风险明显升高(P<0.05);与LDL-C Q1组相比,Q2(HR=1.38,95%=1.02~1.88)、Q4(HR=1.44,95%=1.07~1.95)组中老年人SO发病风险也明显升高(P<0.05);而与HDL-C Q1组相比,Q2(HR=0.75,95%CI=0.58~0.96)、Q3(HR=0.54,95%CI=0.41~0.71)、Q4(HR=0.43,95%CI=0.31~0.58)组中老年人SO发病风险明显下降(P<0.05)。限制性立方样条模型表明,TG水平与SO发病呈倒"L"型关联(P非线性<0.001),而TC(P非线性=0.731)、HDL-C(P非线性=0.600)、LDL-C(P非线性=0.400)与SO发病风险呈线性关系。 结论 TG、TC、LDL-C是中国中老年人群发生SO的危险因素,而HDL-C则具有保护作用,其中TG水平与SO发病呈倒"L"型关联。因此,血脂管理可能对于中国中老年人群防治SO具有重要意义。

关键词: 中年人, 老年人, 肌少症性肥胖, 高脂血症, 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇, 血脂水平, 中国健康与养老追踪调查

Abstract:

Background

With the aging of the population, the incidence and impact of geriatric syndromes have received widespread attention, and sarcopenic obesity (SO), as one of these syndromes, has become a hot topic in recent studies. Studies have shown that lipid levels may be an important factor influencing SO, but studies on the correlation between lipid composition and SO have not yet reached consistent conclusions.

Objective

To explore the relationship between blood lipid levels and the risk of SO in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods

Based on the 2011-2015 data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), the cohort study included middle-aged and elderly people with no SO at baseline in 2011. The study included middle-aged and elderly people without SO at baseline in 2011. Exposure factors were baseline total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the study population, and the outcome event was the occurrence of SO in 2013 or 2015. SO was defined by combining the dual criteria of sarcopenia and obesity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted by weight (ASM/W) was used to determine sarcopenia, and obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. COX proportional risk regression models were constructed to analyse the relationship between baseline TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and the risk of SO, and possible non-linear associations were examined using a restricted cubic spline model.

Results

A total of 5 268 study subjects were included, with a median age of 58 (52, 64) years and a cumulative follow-up of 20 592 person-years. There were 382 new cases of SO, with a cumulative incidence rate of 7.25%, of which the incidence rate of SO was 5.22% (128/2 451) in men and 9.02% (254/2 817) in women. The results of the fully adjusted proportional risk regression models for COX showed that, compared with the lowest quartile Q1 group of TC, the risk of SO was significantly higher in middle-aged and elderly people in the Q4 (HR=1.35, 95%CI=1.00 to 1.82) group (P<0.05) ; compared with the Q1 group of TG, the risk of SO was significantly higher in the Q2 (HR=1.55, 95%CI=1.08 to 2.21), Q3 (HR=2.07, 95%CI=1.48 to 2.90), and Q4 (HR=2.53, 95%CI=1.82 to 3.52) groups (P<0.05) ; compared with the Q1 group of LDL-C, the risk of SO was also significantly higher in the Q2 (HR=1.38, 95%CI=1.02 to 1.88), and Q4 (HR=1.44, 95%CI=1.07 to 1.95) groups; while the risk of SO was significantly lower in the Q2 (HR=0.75, 95%CI=0.58 to 0.96), Q3 (HR=0.54, 95%CI=0.41 to 0.71), and Q4 (HR=0.43, 95%CI=0.31 to 0.58) groups (P<0.05), as compared with the Q1 group of HDL-C. Restricted cubic spline model showed an inverse "L" -shaped association between TG level and the risk of SO (Pnonliner<0.001), while TC (Pnonliner=0.731), HDL-C (Pnonliner=0.600), and LDL-C (Pnonliner=0.400) were linearly associated with the risk of SO.

Conclusion

TG, TC and LDL-C were the risk factors for SO in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people, while HDL-C had a protective effect, among which TG level had an inverted "L" type association with SO. Therefore, lipid management may be important for the prevention and treatment of SO in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people.

Key words: Middle aged, Aged, Sarcopenic obesity, Hyperlipidemias, Cholesterol, LDL, Cholesterol, HDL, Lipid levels, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

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