中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (24): 3538-3544.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0445

所属专题: 安宁疗护专题研究

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于优先级决策的安宁疗护患者分诊研究范围综述

刘雅慧, 徐雅楠, 袁玲*(), 武丽桂, 周玉洁, 康玉彪   

  1. 210008 江苏省南京市,南京鼓楼医院肿瘤科
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22 修回日期:2025-03-04 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 袁玲

  • 作者贡献:

    刘雅慧负责文章的构思与设计、研究资料的收集与整理、论文撰写;徐雅楠负责文章的构思与设计、研究资料的收集与整理;袁玲负责论文修订、文章的质量控制及审校、对文章整体负责,监督管理;武丽桂、周玉洁、康玉彪负责论文修订、文章的质量控制、文章的编辑、整理。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省老年健康科研课题(LKZ2022014); 南京鼓楼医院护理科研重点项目(2024-A705)

A Scoping Review on Triage for Palliative Care Patients Based on Priority Decision-making

LIU Yahui, XU Yanan, YUAN Ling*(), WU Ligui, ZHOU Yujie, KANG Yubiao   

  1. Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2024-05-22 Revised:2025-03-04 Published:2026-08-20 Online:2026-07-03
  • Contact: YUAN Ling

摘要: 背景 安宁疗护作为改善疾病晚期患者生活质量的重要医疗服务,其分级诊疗和资源分配的合理性直接影响患者的医疗体验和结局。然而目前国内外针对安宁疗护患者分诊的优先级决策研究较为分散,尚缺乏系统性总结和规范化指导工具。 目的 对国内外基于优先级决策的安宁疗护分诊相关研究进行范围综述,为今后安宁疗护分级转诊评估工具开发以及开展转诊决策提供参考。 方法 以乔安娜布里格斯研究所范围综述指南为方法学框架,检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库中的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2024年4月,对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。 结果 最终纳入13篇文献,经提取后共总结出3类影响因素,6种评估工具。安宁疗护分诊影响因素包括疾病严重程度及稳定性、患者及照顾者需求和偏好、医疗资源支持与供给。评估工具针对不同场所,综合考虑症状、心理、照顾者因素、护理需求、护理地点等因素,决定患者获取安宁疗护资源的优先级。 结论 分级诊疗是安宁疗护体系的重要组成部分,应重视安宁疗护分级诊疗优先级相关理念的发展和完善,并在其指导下构建规范统一的评价工具或标准,将医疗资源与疾病诉求相匹配,将患者按照优先级转诊到各等级安宁疗护机构,保证资源合理利用,促进分级诊疗政策落地。

关键词: 安宁疗护, 分级诊疗, 优先级, 资源分配, 范围综述

Abstract:

Background

Palliative care, as an essential medical service to improve the quality of life for patients in advanced stages, relies on the rationality of tiered diagnosis and treatment as well as resource allocation, which directly impacts patients' medical experiences and outcomes. However, current research on priority decision-making for triaging palliative care patients remains fragmented both domestically and internationally, and there is still a lack of systematic summaries and standardized guidance tools.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a scoping review of domestic and international research on triage decisions for palliative care patients based on prioritization. The goal is to provide a reference for the development of assessment tools for graded referrals in palliative care and to inform future decisions regarding referral processes.

Methods

The methodology was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Literature Database. The search covered studies published from the inception of each database up until April 2024. Relevant studies were identified, summarized, and analyzed.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included. From these, three categories of influencing factors and six assessment tools were identified. The influencing factors in palliative care triage include the severity and stability of the disease, patient and caregiver needs and preferences, and the availability and provision of medical resources. The assessment tools consider various factors such as symptoms, psychological aspects, caregiver needs, and care settings to categorize patients and determine their priority for accessing palliative care resources.

Conclusion

Graded diagnosis and treatment are crucial components of the palliative care system. It is essential to prioritize the development and refinement of triage concepts related to palliative care. Under this guidance, standardized and unified assessment tools or criteria should be established to match medical resources with patient needs. This will ensure that patients are referred to appropriate levels of palliative care institutions based on priority, thereby promoting the effective implementation of graded diagnosis and treatment policies and ensuring the rational use of resources.

Key words: Palliative care, Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, Priority, Resource allocation, Scoping review