中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1439-1445.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0194

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年前期及老年住院患者特征与高频症状的增龄性研究

乐霄, 王玫*()   

  1. 430030 湖北省武汉市,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院老年医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2024-07-12 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 王玫

  • 作者贡献:

    乐霄负责本研究构思与设计、研究数据的整理和统计分析、论文起草;王玫负责研究整体设计、数据提取、研究质量控制、论文指导和审校,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2023AFB763,2024AFB903); 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院科研基金项目(2022C07)

Analysis of Age-related Changes of Characteristics and High Frequency Symptoms in Pre-elderly and Elderly Inpatients

YUE Xiao, WANG Mei*()   

  1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
  • Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-07-12 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-02-06
  • Contact: WANG Mei

摘要: 背景 主观症状是老年患者就诊和再入院的主要原因,老年患者症状与年龄增长密切相关。目前少有研究关注老年患者症状的增龄性变化,由此降低了老年患者症状管理的针对性、动态性和前瞻性。 目的 探究近10年老年前期及老年住院患者的住院特征、高频症状的发生率及随年龄的变化规律,为老年前期及老年住院患者症状管理、功能改善提供参考和方向。 方法 本研究为回顾性研究,选取2014—2023年华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院老年前期及老年住院患者为研究对象。采用医院"医渡云"医学数据检索与应用平台进行检索,通过平台结果分析界面提取住院科室、疾病诊断前5位统计数据、患者症状统计数据,以症状发生率≥5%定义为高频症状,老年住院患者的高频症状分为共性、呼吸系统、消化系统、神经系统、循环系统、泌尿系统症状6大类。采用例(%)描述老年住院患者的住院科室、疾病诊断、症状分布情况。分析50~<60岁(老年前期)、60~<70岁(低龄老年)、70~<80岁(中高龄老年)、≥80岁(高龄老年)住院患者高频症状的差异。采用Origin绘制散点图和曲线图描述患者症状随年龄增长发生率的变化规律。 结果 研究共纳入1 214 387例老年前期及老年住院患者,其中老年前期患者465 488例(38.33%),低龄老年患者422 935例(34.83%),中高龄老年患者235 364例(19.38%),高龄老年患者90 600例(7.46%)。老年前期及老年患者住院科室排列第1位为心血管内科;老年前期患者疾病诊断排列第1位为恶性肿瘤化疗,低龄和中高龄老年患者为高血压,高龄老年患者为冠心病。50~<60岁年龄段住院患者高频症状为12项,60~<70岁年龄段高频症状为14项,70~<80岁年龄段高频症状为19项,≥80岁年龄段高频症状为23项。高频症状以体力下降、体重下降、咳嗽、胸闷、消化不良较为突出,呼吸系统症状随年龄呈现"高增长"趋势,消化系统症状增龄性变化呈现异质性,神经、循环、泌尿系统症状发生率随年龄呈现相对"低增长"趋势。 结论 老年前期及老年住院患者各系统症状的发生率随年龄增长总体呈增长趋势,不同症状随年龄的变化速率不同,70岁以后老年住院患者的疾病诊断、高频症状的数量和发生率均较低龄老年人发生了大幅变化,增龄性变化的作用开始凸显,70岁可能成为老年住院患者整体状况衰退的重要转折。

关键词: 老年人, 体征和症状, 主诉, 症状, 功能能力, 增龄性变化

Abstract:

Background

Subjective symptoms are the main reason for visiting and readmissions in elderly patients, and symptoms of elderly patients are closely related to ageing. At present, few studies have focused on the age-related changes of symptoms in elderly patients, thus reducing the targete, dynamic and prospective management of symptoms in elderly patients.

Objective

To analyze the characteristics of hospitalization, incidence of high-frequency symptoms and age-related changes for pre-elderly and elderly inpatients in recent 10 years, and to provide reference and direction for symptoms management, functional improvement in pre-elderly and elderly inpatients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study. Pre-elderly and elderly inpatients of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2014 to 2023 were included. The medical data retrieval and application platform of the hospital "IDu Cloud" was used for retrieval, and statistical data of the departments receiving treatment, the top 5 patients diagnosed with diseases and the symptoms of patients were extracted through the platform result analysis interface. The frequency of symptoms was defined as ≥5%. The high frequency symptoms of elderly hospitalized patients were divided into 6 categories: common, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, urinary system symptoms. Cases (%) were used to describe the distribution of hospitalization departments, disease diagnoses, and symptoms of elderly inpatients. To analyze the differences in high frequency symptoms among inpatients aged 50-<60 years (pre-elderly), 60-<70 years (younger elderly), 70-<80 years (middle-senior elderly), and≥80 years (senior elderly). Origin was used to plot scatter plots and graphs to describe the pattern of change in the incidence of inpatient symptoms with age.

Results

A total of 1 214 387 pre-elderly and elderly inpatients were included in the study, including 465 488 (38.33%) pre-elderly inpatients, 422 935 (34.83%) younger elderly inpatients, 235 364 (19.38%) middle-senior elderly inpatients, and 90 600 (7.46%) senior elderly inpatients. The first inpatient department was cardiovascular medicine, the first disease diagnosis was malignant tumor chemotherapy in presenium, hypertension in the young and middle aged elderly, and coronary heart disease in advanced age. There were 12, 14, 19 and 23 kinds of high frequency symptoms in 50-<60 years old, 60-<70 years old, 70-<80 years old, and≥80 years old inpatients, respectively. The most prominent symptoms were physical decline, weight loss, cough, chest tightness, and poor appetite. Respiratory symptoms showed a "high increase" trend with aging, the age-related changes of digestive symptoms showed heterogeneity, and neurological, circulatory and urinary symptoms showed a relatively "low increase" trend with aging.

Conclusion

The incidence of symptoms in pre-elderly and elderly inpatients shows an overall increasing trend with age, and the rate of age-related changes varies for different symptoms. The diagnosis, the number and incidence of high-frequency symptoms in elderly inpatients after 70 years old changed significantly compared with those of the younger elderly, and the role of age-related changes became prominent. The age of 70 years may become an important turning point in the decline of the overall condition of elderly inpatients.

Key words: Aged, Signs and symptoms, Complaint, Symptoms, Functional ability, Age-related changes

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