中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1433-1438.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0219

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

成年人脂质蓄积指数与高血压发病的相关性:一项前瞻性队列研究

汪姜涛, 杜瑀, 朱玲, 赵否曦, 胡远东, 刘涛*()   

  1. 550004 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治研究所
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03 修回日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘涛

  • 作者贡献:

    汪姜涛提出研究理念,负责数据收集、整理及论文撰写;杜瑀负责统计方法计算及结果验证;朱玲负责数据清洗、数据收集及整理;赵否曦负责数据分析质控;胡远东负责文章撰写质控;刘涛进行项目管理、思路指导,资源提供,对文章监督管理和审查。

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2819,黔科合支撑[2018]2796)

Correlation between Lipid Accumulation Product and the Incidence of Hypertension in Adults: a Prospective Cohort Study

WANG Jiangtao, DU Yu, ZHU Ling, ZHAO Fouxi, HU Yuandong, LIU Tao*()   

  1. Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
  • Received:2024-06-03 Revised:2024-11-08 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-02-06
  • Contact: LIU Tao

摘要: 背景 高血压具有起病隐匿、发病率高、致残率高、控制率低、知晓率低的特点,是一种居民常见病,对居民健康构成重大威胁。近年来,医学研究发现脂质蓄积指数(LAP)与高血压之间存在一定的关联。然而,目前关于成年人LAP与高血压发病风险的队列研究仍然有限。本研究旨在通过长期追踪观察,探讨成年人LAP与高血压发病之间的关联,为人群高血压的防控提供可靠的科学依据。 目的 探讨成年人LAP与高血压发病的关系。 方法 2010年抽取贵州省境内的12个县(区)48个乡镇共9 280人开展基线调查,采集调查对象基线资料、体格检查结果和实验室检查结果,分别于2016年和2020年对调查对象开展随访。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析LAP与人群高血压发病的相关性,采用Schoenfeld residual法进行等比例风险假设检验。 结果 最终3 774人纳入本研究,其中新发高血压患者806例(21.36%),无高血压者2 968例(78.64%)。两组研究对象LAP、LAP分布、性别、年龄、居住地、职业类型、现在吸烟、有害饮酒、油摄入过量、腰围、三酰甘油(TG)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。计算LAP,将研究对象按照LAP四分位数分为Q1组(198例)、Q2组(238例)、Q3组(297例)、Q4组(394例),多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,Q4组人群高血压发病风险为Q1组的1.43倍(P<0.05)。总人群LAP水平与高血压发病风险之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P非线性=0.004)。不同亚组人群中LAP水平与高血压发病风险的相关性结果显示,在男性人群中,以Q1组为参照,Q3组(HR=1.67,95%CI=1.24~2.25)、Q4组(HR=1.62,95%CI=1.20~2.16)高血压的发病风险增加(P<0.05);在18~45岁人群和46~60岁人群中,以Q1组为参照,Q4组高血压的发病风险增加(HR=1.58,95%CI=1.20~2.09,P<0.001;HR=1.51,95%CI=1.07~2.11,P=0.018);在体力劳动为主的人群中,以Q1组为参照,Q4组高血压的发病风险增加(HR=1.28,95%CI=1.02~1.59,P=0.030);在以脑力劳动为主的人群中,以Q1组为参照,随着LAP水平的增高,高血压的发病风险逐渐增加(P<0.05)。 结论 LAP作为一个评价腹型肥胖的简便指标,对高血压的发病风险具有一定的预测作用,在不同人群中对高血压的预测效能不同,在男性、中青年人群中预测效能较好,可作为基层医疗机构或体检机构在健康管理服务中高血压风险分类人群的筛查指标。

关键词: 高血压, 成年人, 脂质蓄积指数, 队列研究

Abstract:

Background

Hypertension is a common disease among residents, characterized by insidious onset, high incidence, high disability rate, low control rate, and low awareness rate, posing a significant threat to residents' health. In recent years, medical research has discovered a certain association between the lipid accumulation index (LAP) and hypertension. However, current cohort studies on the risk of hypertension incidence related to adult LAP are still limited. This research aims to explore the association between adult LAP and the incidence of hypertension through long-term follow-up observation, providing reliable scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension in the population.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between lipid accumulation index in adults and the incidence of hypertension.

Methods

A baseline survey was conducted in 2010 among 9 280 individuals from 48 townships in 12 counties (districts) in Guizhou Province. Baseline information, physical examination results, and laboratory test results were collected from the participants. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2020. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between LAP and the incidence of hypertension in the population. The Schoenfeld residual method was employed to test the proportional hazards assumption.

Results

Ultimately, 3 774 individuals were included in this study, with 806 new cases of hypertension (21.36%) and 2 968 individuals without hypertension (78.64%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of LAP, LAP distribution, gender, age, residence, occupation type, current smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, excessive oil intake, waist circumference, and triglyceride (TG) levels (P<0.05). Participants were divided into four groups based on LAP quartiles: Q1 (198 cases), Q2 (238 cases), Q3 (297 cases), and Q4 (394 cases). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the risk of hypertension in the Q4 group was 1.43 times that of the Q1 group (P<0.05). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between LAP levels and the risk of hypertension in the overall population (Pnon-linear=0.004). Subgroup analyses showed that, among males, the risk of hypertension increased in the Q3 (HR=1.67, 95%CI=1.24-2.25) and Q4 (HR=1.62, 95%CI=1.20-2.16) groups compared to the Q1 group (P<0.05). In the 18-45 and 46-60 age groups, the risk of hypertension increased in the Q4 group compared to the Q1 group (HR=1.58, 95%CI=1.20-2.09, P<0.001; HR=1.51, 95%CI=1.07-2.11, P=0.018). Among individuals primarily engaged in physical labor, the risk of hypertension increased in the Q4 group compared to the Q1 group (HR=1.28, 95%CI=1.02-1.59, P=0.030). Among individuals primarily engaged in mental labor, the risk of hypertension gradually increased with elevated LAP levels compared to the Q1 group (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

As a simple indicator for assessing abdominal obesity, LAP has a certain predictive effect on the risk of hypertension. Its predictive efficacy varies among different populations, with better performance in males and middle-aged and young adults. LAP can serve as a screening indicator for classifying individuals at risk of hypertension in primary healthcare or medical examination settings during health management services.

Key words: Hypertension, Adult, Lipid accumulation product, Cohort studies