中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (12): 1576-1582.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.001
• 专题研究 • 上一篇
牟兰兰,高璐,朱蓉,赵逵*
出版日期:
2020-04-20
发布日期:
2020-04-20
基金资助:
MU Lanlan,GAO Lu,ZHU Rong,ZHAO Kui*
Published:
2020-04-20
Online:
2020-04-20
摘要: 结直肠癌(CRC)是消化系统常见恶性肿瘤之一,肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)理论的提出为CRC的防治带来了新的希望。该理论认为:CSCs是CRC复发、转移的根源,只有消灭CSCs,才能真正消灭肿瘤细胞。但研究发现结直肠癌干细胞(CCSC)干性是受肿瘤微环境(TME)调控的一个动态过程。本文介绍了TME是如何参与CCSC干性调节的,简述了TME各细胞成分通过分泌各种调节蛋白分子参与肿瘤干性调节以及免疫耐受的形成,同时叙述了肠隐窝Wnt、Notch、BMP和Hedgehog信号通路如何相互协同、拮抗维持肠隐窝干细胞的增殖与分化。最后提出TME在CCSC干性状态的维持及肿瘤细胞去分化过程中起促进作用,CCSC干性的维持强烈依赖于来自其微环境的外部信号。只有同时针对CCSC及TME的靶向治疗,才能在消除CCSC的同时,阻止已分化肿瘤细胞去分化恢复其干性,而后者才是CRC靶向治疗的关键。
[1]COPPEDè F,LOPOMO A,SPISNI R,et al.Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(4):943-956.DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.943. [2]BRODY H.Colorectal cancer[J].Nature,2015,521(7551):S1.DOI:10.1038/521S1a. [3]DE SOUSA E MELO F,KURTOVA A V,HARNOSS J M,et al.A distinct role for Lgr5+ stem cells in primary and metastatic colon cancer[J].Nature,2017,543(7647):676-680.DOI:10.1038/NATURE21713. [4]SHIMOKAWA M,OHTA Y,NISHIKORI S,et al.Visualization and targeting of LGR5+ human colon cancer stem cells[J].Nature,2017,545(7653):187-192.DOI:10.1038/nature22081. [5]TILL J E,MCCULLOCH E A.A direct measurement of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells[J].Radiat Res,1961,14:213-222. [6]CLARKE M F,DICK J E,DIRKS P B,et al.Cancer stem cells——perspectives on current status and future directions:AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells[J].Cancer Res,2006,66(19):9339-9344.DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3126. [7]WONG G S,RUSTGI A K.Matricellular proteins:priming the tumour microenvironment for cancer development and metastasis[J].Br J Cancer,2013,108(4):755-761.DOI:10.1038/bjc.2012.592. [8]PAN T H,XU J H,ZHU Y L.Self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells[J].Int J Mol Med,2017,39(1):9-20.DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2815. [9]TETTEH P W,BASAK O,FARIN H F,et al.Replacement of lost Lgr5-positive stem cells through plasticity of their enterocyte-lineage daughters[J].Cell Stem Cell,2016,18(2):203-213.DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2016.01.001. [10]SCHMITT M,SCHEWE M,SACCHETTI A,et al.Paneth cells respond to inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration by acquiring stem-like features through SCF/c-kit signaling[J].Cell Rep,2018,24(9):2312-2328.e7.DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.085. [11]TURLEY S J,CREMASCO V,ASTARITA J L.Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2015,15(11):669-682.DOI:10.1038/nri3902. [12]KOLIARAKI V,PALLANGYO C K,GRETEN F R,et al.Mesenchymal cells in colon cancer[J].Gastroenterology,2017,152(5):964-979.DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.049. [13]WU T,DAI Y.Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response[J].Cancer Lett,2017,387:61-68.DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.043. [14]FESSLER E,DIJKGRAAF F E,DE SOUSA E MELO F,et al.Cancer stem cell dynamics in tumor progression and metastasis:is the microenvironment to blame?[J].Cancer Lett,2013,341(1):97-104.DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.015. [15]SHI Y F,DU L M,LIN L Y,et al.Tumour-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells:emerging therapeutic targets[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2017,16(1):35-52.DOI:10.1038/nrd.2016.193. [16]林婷婷,任群.间充质干细胞在恶性肿瘤生物学中作用的研究进展[J].中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版),2018,8(1):39-48.DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2018.01.008. [17]邵俊峰.间充质干细胞与肿瘤关系的研究进展[J].蚌埠医学院学报,2019,44(1):134-137.DOI:10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2019.01.038. [18]TSAI K S,YANG S H,LEI Y P,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells promote formation of colorectal tumors in mice[J].Gastroenterology,2011,141(3):1046-1056.DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.045. [19]ZHU W,XU W R,JIANG R Q,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow favor tumor cell growth in vivo[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2006,80(3):267-274.DOI:10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.07.004. [20]DJOUAD F,BONY C,APPARAILLY F,et al.Earlier onset of syngeneic tumors in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells[J].Transplantation,2006,82(8):1060-1066.DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000236098.13804.0b. [21]王少川,宋武.骨髓间充质干细胞在结直肠肿瘤微环境中的作用[J].消化肿瘤杂志:电子版,2015,7(1):44-47.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7402.2015.01.011. [22]SHINAGAWA K,KITADAI Y,TANAKA M,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells enhance growth and metastasis of colon cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2010,127(10):2323-2333.DOI:10.1002/ijc.25440. [23]DE BOECK A,PAUWELS P,HENSEN,et al.Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through paracrine neuregulin 1/HER3 signalling[J].Gut,2013,62(4):550-560.DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301393. [24]RHEE K J,LEE J I,EOM Y W.Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated effects of tumor support or suppression[J].Int J Mol Sci,2015,16(12):30015-30033.DOI:10.3390/ijms161226215. [25]BARTOLOMé R A,GARCíA-PALMERO I,TORRES S,et al.IL13 receptor α2 signaling requires a scaffold protein,FAM120A,to activate the FAK and PI3K pathways in colon cancer metastasis[J].Cancer Res,2015,75(12):2434-2444.DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-3650. [26]HUANG W H,CHANG M C,TSAI K S,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells promote growth and angiogenesis of tumors in mice[J].Oncogene,2013,32(37):4343-4354.DOI:10.1038/onc.2012.458. [27]ZHANG X C,HU F Y,LI G,et al.Human colorectal cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling[J].Cell Death Dis,2018,9(2):25.DOI:10.1038/s41419-017-0176-3. [28]REN G W,ZHAO X,WANG Y,et al.CCR2-dependent recruitment of macrophages by tumor-educated mesenchymal stromal cells promotes tumor development and is mimicked by TNFα[J].Cell Stem Cell,2012,11(6):812-824.DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2012.08.013. [29]BARCELLOS-DE-SOUZA P,COMITO G,PONS-SEGURA C,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited and activated into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by prostate cancer microenvironment-derived TGF-β1[J].Stem Cells,2016,34(10):2536-2547.DOI:10.1002/stem.2412. [30]BORRIELLO L,NAKATA R,SHEARD M A,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts share characteristics and protumorigenic activity with mesenchymal stromal cells[J].Cancer Res,2017,77(18):5142-5157.DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2586. [31]QUANTE M,TU S P,TOMITA H,et al.Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the mesenchymal stem cell niche and promote tumor growth[J].Cancer Cell,2011,19(2):257-272.DOI:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.020. [32]KNOOP K,SCHWENK N,SCHMOHL K,et al.Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated,tumor stroma-targeted radioiodine therapy of metastatic colon cancer using the sodium iodide symporter as theranostic gene[J].J Nucl Med,2015,56(4):600-606.DOI:10.2967/jnumed.114.146662. [33]CHEN W J,HO C C,CHANG Y L,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts regulate the plasticity of lung cancer stemness via paracrine signalling[J].Nat Commun,2014,5:3472.DOI:10.1038/ncomms4472. [34]YU Y,XIAO C H,TAN L D,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through paracrine TGF-β signalling[J].Br J Cancer,2014,110(3):724-732.DOI:10.1038/bjc.2013.768. [35]CALON A,LONARDO E,BERENGUER-LLERGO A,et al.Stromal gene expression defines poor-prognosis subtypes in colorectal cancer[J].Nat Genet,2015,47(4):320-329.DOI:10.1038/ng.3225. [36]DAVIS H,IRSHAD S,BANSAL M,et al.Aberrant epithelial GREM1 expression initiates colonic tumorigenesis from cells outside the stem cell niche[J].Nat Med,2015,21(1):62-70.DOI:10.1038/nm.3750. [37]VERMEULEN L,DE SOUSA E MELO F,VAN DER HEIJDEN M,et al.Wnt activity defines colon cancer stem cells and is regulated by the microenvironment[J].Nat Cell Biol,2010,12(5):468-476.DOI:10.1038/ncb2048. [38]HU Y B,YAN C,MU L,et al.Fibroblast-derived exosomes contribute to chemoresistance through priming cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e0125625.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0125625. [39]REN J,DING L,ZHANG D Y,et al.Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promote the stemness and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by transferring exosomal lncRNA H19[J].Theranostics,2018,8(14):3932-3948.DOI:10.7150/thno.25541. [40]IZUMI D,TODEN S,URETA E,et al.TIAM1 promotes chemoresistance and tumor invasiveness in colorectal cancer[J].Cell Death Dis,2019,10(4):267.DOI:10.1038/s41419-019-1493-5. [41]CHANG C H,QIU J,O'SULLIVAN D,et al.Metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment is a driver of cancer progression[J].Cell,2015,162(6):1229-1241.DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.016. [42]KINOSHITA T,ISHII G,HIRAOKA N,et al.Forkhead box P3 regulatory T cells coexisting with cancer associated fibroblasts are correlated with a poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma[J].Cancer Sci,2013,104(4):409-415.DOI:10.1111/cas.12099. [43]BONNANS C,CHOU J,WERB Z.Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2014,15(12):786-801.DOI:10.1038/nrm3904. [44]HAWINKELS L J,PAAUWE M,VERSPAGET H W,et al.Interaction with colon cancer cells hyperactivates TGF-β signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts[J].Oncogene,2014,33(1):97-107.DOI:10.1038/onc.2012.536. [45]KARNEVI E,ANDERSSON R,ROSENDAHL A H.Tumour-educated macrophages display a mixed polarisation and enhance pancreatic cancer cell invasion[J].Immunol Cell Biol,2014,92(6):543-552.DOI:10.1038/icb.2014.22. [46]SCHARPING N E,MENK A V,MORECI R S,et al.The tumor microenvironment represses T cell mitochondrial biogenesis to drive intratumoral T cell metabolic insufficiency and dysfunction[J].Immunity,2016,45(3):701-703.DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.009. [47]HERBST R S,SORIA J C,KOWANETZ M,et al.Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients[J].Nature,2014,515(7528):563-567.DOI:10.1038/nature14011. [48]POWLES T,EDER J P,FINE G D,et al.MPDL3280A(anti-PD-L1)treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer[J].Nature,2014,515(7528):558-562.DOI:10.1038/nature13904. [49]TUMEH P C,HARVIEW C L,YEARLEY J H,et al.PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance[J].Nature,2014,515(7528):568-571.DOI:10.1038/nature13954. [50]LAKINS M A,GHORANI E,MUNIR H,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce antigen-specific deletion of CD8+ T cells to protect tumour cells[J].Nat Commun,2018,9(1):948.DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03347-0. [51]WU P,WU D,NI C,et al.γδT17 cells promote the accumulation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human colorectal cancer[J].Immunity,2014,40(5):785-800.DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.013. [52]SINGH R,MISHRA M K,AGGARWAL H.Inflammation,immunity,and cancer[J].Mediators Inflamm,2017,2017:6027305.DOI:10.1155/2017/6027305. [53]LI L,COLE J,MARGOLIN D A.Cancer stem cell and stromal microenvironment[J].Ochsner J,2013,13(1):109-118. [54]VINSON K E,GEORGE D C,FENDER A W,et al.The Notch pathway in colorectal cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2016,138(8):1835-1842.DOI:10.1002/ijc.29800. [55]Cancer Genome Atlas Network.Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer[J].Nature,2012,487(7407):330-337.DOI:10.1038/nature11252. [56]DE SOUSA E MELO F,VERMEULEN L.Wnt signaling in cancer stem cell biology[J].Cancers(Basel),2016,8(7):E60.DOI:10.3390/cancers8070060. [57]KRAMER N,SCHM?LLERL J,UNGER C,et al.Autocrine WNT2 signaling in fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression[J].Oncogene,2017,36(39):5460-5472.DOI:10.1038/onc.2017.144. [58]VALENTI G,QUINN H M,HEYNEN G J J E,et al.Cancer stem cells regulate cancer-associated fibroblasts via activation of hedgehog signaling in mammary gland tumors[J].Cancer Res,2017,77(8):2134-2147.DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-3490. [59]SATO T,VAN ES J H,SNIPPERT H J,et al.Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts[J].Nature,2011,469(7330):415-418.DOI:10.1038/nature09637. [60]KABIRI Z,GREICIUS G,MADAN B,et al.Stroma provides an intestinal stem cell niche in the absence of epithelial Wnts[J].Development,2014,141(11):2206-2215.DOI:10.1242/dev.104976. [61]GREGORIEFF A,WRANA J L.Seeing is believing:Wnt3 localization in the gut epithelium[J].Cell Res,2016,26(5):515-516.DOI:10.1038/cr.2016.41. [62]MEDEMA J P,VERMEULEN L.Microenvironmental regulation of stem cells in intestinal homeostasis and cancer[J].Nature,2011,474(7351):318-326.DOI:10.1038/nature10212. [63]TODARO M,GAGGIANESI M,CATALANO V,et al.CD44v6 is a marker of constitutive and reprogrammed cancer stem cells driving colon cancer metastasis[J].Cell Stem Cell,2014,14(3):342-356.DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2014.01.009. [64]QI Z,LI Y H,ZHAO B,et al.BMP restricts stemness of intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells by directly suppressing their signature genes[J].Nat Commun,2017,8:13824.DOI:10.1038/ncomms13824. [65]LOMBARDO Y,SCOPELLITI A,CAMMARERI P,et al.Bone morphogenetic protein 4 induces differentiation of colorectal cancer stem cells and increases their response to chemotherapy in mice[J].Gastroenterology,2011,140(1):297-309.DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.005. [66]WANG S,CHEN Y G.BMP signaling in homeostasis,transformation and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium[J].Sci China Life Sci,2018,61(7):800-807.DOI:10.1007/s11427-018-9310-7. [67]HUANG B Q,YANG H P,CHENG X X,et al.tRF/miR-1280 suppresses stem cell-like cells and metastasis in colorectal cancer[J].Cancer Res,2017,77(12):3194-3206.DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3146. [68]VALVERDE A,PE?ARANDO J,CA?AS A,et al.Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR/VEGFR and cyclooxygenase-2 targets stemness-related pathways in colorectal cancer cells[J].PLoS One,2015,10(6):e0131363.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0131363. [69]KATONA B W,WEISS J M.Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer[J].Gastroenterology,2020.[Epub ahead of print].DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.047. [70]UMEZAWA S,HIGURASHI T,KOMIYA Y,et al.Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer:past,present,and future[J].Cancer Sci,2019,110(10):3018-3026.DOI:10.1111/cas.14149. [71]MOON C M,KWON J H,KIM J S,et al.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress cancer stem cells via inhibiting PTGS2(cyclooxygenase 2)and NOTCH/HES1 and activating PPARG in colorectal cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2014,134(3):519-529.DOI:10.1002/ijc.28381. [72]陈小燕,廖永美,赵逵.阿司匹林对人结肠癌细胞中肿瘤干细胞标记物Lgr 5表达的影响[J].遵义医学院学报,2012,35(4):287-290. [73]张曼曼.阿司匹林联合姜黄素对大鼠大肠癌变中CD133及Lgr5表达的影响[D].遵义:遵义医学院,2014. [74]MOON C M,KWON J H,KIM J S,et al.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress cancer stem cells via inhibiting PTGS2(cyclooxygenase 2)and NOTCH/HES1 and activating PPARG in colorectal cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2014,134(3):519-529.DOI:10.1002/ijc.28381. [75]MEDEMA J P.Targeting the colorectal cancer stem cell[J].N Engl J Med,2017,377(9):888-890.DOI:10.1056/NEJMcibr1706541. [76]CUBILLOS-RUIZ J R,BETTIGOLE S E,GLIMCHER L H.Tumorigenic and immunosuppressive effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer[J].Cell,2017,168(4):692-706.DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.004. [77]MAHON K L,LIN H M,CASTILLO L,et al.Cytokine profiling of docetaxel-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer[J].Br J Cancer,2015,112(8):1340-1348.DOI:10.1038/bjc.2015.74. [78]CARTER B Z,MAK P Y,CHEN Y,et al.Anti-apoptotic ARC protein confers chemoresistance by controlling leukemia-microenvironment interactions through a NFκB/IL1β signaling network[J].Oncotarget,2016,7(15):20054-20067.DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.7911. [79]YE J,WU D,WU P,et al.The cancer stem cell niche:cross talk between cancer stem cells and their microenvironment[J].Tumour Biol,2014,35(5):3945-3951.DOI:10.1007/s13277-013-1561-x. [80]BHAVSAR C,MOMIN M,KHAN T,et al.Targeting tumor microenvironment to curb chemoresistance via novel drug delivery strategies[J].Expert Opin Drug Deliv,2018,15(7):641-663.DOI:10.1080/17425247.2018.1424825. |
[1] | 裴蓓, 成琳, 许凌云. 不同新辅助化疗方案对人表皮生长因子受体2阳性乳腺癌患者免疫指标和肿瘤微环境的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(27): 3435-3440. |
[2] | 段玉霞, 李珍, 张斯齐, 房志学, 秦月兰. 结直肠癌诊疗中患者决策辅助工具应用效果的系统评价[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(25): 3194-3201. |
[3] | 陈璐璐, 张利苹, 李静文, 董文杰, 吴欣爱. 程序性死亡受体1抑制剂联合呋喹替尼后线治疗转移性结直肠癌的临床疗效和安全性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(18): 2262-2267. |
[4] | 禹蓉, 董卫国, 田山, 王婷. 不同病理类型结直肠息肉癌变的临床研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(14): 1790-1794. |
[5] | 劳深, 何建行, 梁文华. 靶向周细胞肿瘤血管正常化:重塑肿瘤微环境的新策略[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(32): 3971-3977,F01. |
[6] | 张芳芳, 胡雅静, 黄华勇, 倪锦晖, 尤泽, 常巧玲, 廖力. 基于CT诊断的肌少症对结直肠癌患者发生手术部位感染的影响因素分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(29): 3658-3663. |
[7] | 杜凯微, 姜霞, 王园园, 耿燕杰, 高天, 兰天昊, 王桂琦. 基于两种评分系统对结直肠癌根治术后并发症预测价值的研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(27): 3390-3394. |
[8] | 胡茜玥,刘正,王锡山. 结直肠癌筛查策略的研究现状与思考[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(33): 4165-4171. |
[9] | 韩西,刘君,马麒,呼圣娟. 我国结直肠癌筛查方案的研究进展及筛查困境分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(33): 4172-4176. |
[10] | 管雅喆,吴思奇,张雪,贺宇彤. 结直肠癌筛查成本效益研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(33): 4177-4184. |
[11] | 秦成洁,舒婷,姚强,李满娣,林奕蝶,孙悦,周玲,蒋敏,朱彩蓉. 中国人群结直肠癌个体发病风险的Rothman-Keller模型构建[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(33): 4185-4190. |
[12] | 彭俊付,彭继升,王锐,刘超,王振彪. 结直肠癌患者MOS基因表达情况及其与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(24): 3077-3081. |
[13] | 吴秀方,南琼,张晓红,耿婷,陈紫红. 血浆SEPT9甲基化检测对结直肠癌诊断价值的临床研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(15): 1915-1919. |
[14] | 郭宗锋,王祥,曹苏,徐兴国,张常伟,于晓燕,徐卫东. 右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的老年患者围术期神经认知障碍的影响——多中心、随机、双盲、对照研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(36): 4578-4584. |
[15] | 李志为,刘谆谆,张兰凤. 早期结直肠癌患者疾病获益感现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(35): 4459-4464. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||